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Urban communities around the world face increased stress from natural disasters linked to climate change, and other urban pressures. They need to grow rapidly stronger in order to cope, adapt and flourish. Strong social networks and social cohesion can be more important for a community's resilience than the actual physical structures of a city. But how can urban planning and design support these critical collective social strengths? This book offers blue sky thinking from the applied social and behavioural sciences, and urban planning. It looks at case studies from 14 countries around the world - including India, the USA, South Africa, Indonesia, the UK and New Zealand - focusing on initiatives for housing, public space and transport stops, and also natural disasters such as flooding and earthquakes. Building on these insights, the authors propose a 'gold standard': a socially aware planning process and policy recommendation for those drawing up city sustainability and climate change resilience strategies, and urban developers looking to build climate-proof infrastructure and spaces. This book will be of great interest to students and scholars of urban studies, resilience studies and climate change policy, as well as policymakers and practitioners working in related fields.

The sustainable livelihoods perspective and cooperative movement are rooted in frameworks that value social justice in the form of participatory democracy, distributional equity, and solidarity. Unlike studies of cooperatives that focus mainly on economic efficiency and productivity, we argue that this socio‐political dimension of the cooperative projects is crucial for understanding their potential as sustainable livelihoods. This exploratory research examines the experiences of two rural Mexican communities in Guanajuato and Oaxaca, which formed cooperatives as alternative livelihood strategies. Our results show that each community used similar grassroots political culture to develop cooperatives designed to meet local needs.

AbstractThis paper attempts to study urban transport planning in India from a polycentric governance point of view. Urban transport planning in India is a relatively new phenomenon and is largely top-down. There have been questions raised about the feasibility of many urban transport projects which have been commissioned. A polycentric governance system with a focus on multiple actors and power centres, a decentralized and participative decision making process offers a different way of understanding governance processes and decision making.

Frontmatter -- CONTENTS -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Acknowledgments -- Foreword -- Introduction -- PART I DEBT CRISIS IN THE THIRD WORLD -- Chapter 1 The Outlook for Development -- Chapter 2 External Shocks, Adjustment, and Income Distribution -- Chapter 3 Losers Pay Reparations, Or How the Third World Lost the Lending War -- PART II THE DEBT CRISIS AND COMMERCIAL BANKS -- Chapter 4 Background to the Debt Crisis: Structural Adjustment in the Financial Markets -- Chapter 5 Safe Passage Through Dire Straits: Managing an Orderly Exit from the Debt Crisis -- PART III STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT: SOLUTION OR PART OF THE PROBLEM -- Chapter 6 World Bank-Supported Adjustment Programs -- Chapter 7 Assessing Structural Adjustment Programs: A Summary of Country Experience -- Chapter 8 Undervaluation, Adjustment, and Growth -- Chapter 9 Old Wine in New Bottles: Policy-Based Lending in the 1980s -- PART IV STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT: IMPACT IN THE THIRD WORLD -- Chapter 10 Social Costs of Adjustment in Latin America -- Chapter 11 Political Change and Economic Policy in Latin America and the Caribbean in 1988 -- Chapter 12 The Demise of the Labor Aristocracy in Africa: Structural Adjustment in Tanzania -- PART V SEEKING A SOLUTION -- Chapter 13 Facing the Realities of the Debt Crisis -- Chapter 14 From Adjustment with Recession to Adjustment with Growth -- Chapter 15 From Adjustment and Restructuring to Development -- Chapter 16 Is to Forgive the Debt Divine? -- Chapter 17 Foreign Lending at the Brink -- Bibliography -- Index -- About the Contributors -- About the Editor