Suchergebnisse

The industrialisation of Budapest started in the second half of the 19th and the start of the 20th centuries. Budapest became a modern metropolis with important industries. Nowadays, the old, traditional industrial areas are settings for the transformation. The property structures have changed fundamentally, companies with limited liability and companies limited by shares are predominant. At the same time, the size structures of the companies has been modified and a spectacular change in favour of small to medium-sized firms has taken place. In 1985, 81% of the Budapest industrial firms employed less than 20 persons. The transformation was generally linked to an increase in the numbers of industrial firms and a dramatic drop in the industrial workforce. As a result of the privatisation, the number of companies with direct foreign capital investments has increased, especially in the traditional industrial areas. Due to the continual growth in investments, a far-reaching process of renewal h as taken place within the industrial sector with only insignificant effects on the location distribution of the Budapest industry. However, the continual disindustrialisation processes does have considerable effects: in the old industrial regions to the North of Budapest, the transformation has progressed furthest, with the industrial function being replaced by tertiary functions. In the South, the main tendency is towards preserving the industrial areas. In the long term, the traditional industry will remain after modernisation and renewal. New locations for high-tech industries are in planning for the city suburbs - these will be the new industrial areas of the 21th century.

After 1989, there have been changes in internal migration in Hungary, triggered by several factors such as economic transformation, accelerated suburbanisation and transport development. Increasing internal migration has affected each settlement differently, and from a demographic point of view there are also "winners" and "losers" in this process. Sopron, with almost 63,000 inhabitants, can be counted among the first group, as the town on the Austrian border is one of the most attractive destinations for Hungarian internal migration. In the past, the number of in-migrants usually exceeded the number of out-migrants. The differences depended largely on socio-economic transformations and the political situation of the respective period. In this study, we assess Sopron's position in internal migration and analyse how the different types of internal migration have contributed to migration gains. Based on our empirical research, we show the main demographic and spatial-structural characteristics of the in-migrants to Sopron. In addition, we examine whether there are significant differences in the composition of migrants who arrived before and after the economic crisis of 2008, respectively. In recent decades, the population of Sopron has grown steadily, while the populations in rural and other urban areas have declined. The main reason for the increase was the positive domestic migration balance which increased significantly after the turn of the millennium. Between 1990 and 2016, the population of the town rose by 13,000. This migration gain is primarily due to a temporary inflow. The most important reasons for the significant in-migration to Sopron were: a location-specific advantage after 1989 due to the nearby border, improved accessibility, relative proximity to the Austrian capital and the developed towns of neighbouring Burgenland and, finally, the abolition of all labour market restrictions in Austria in 2011. The results of our survey reveal that the latest economic crisis has brought a significant change ...