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The enormous increase of data traffic generated by mobile devices emanate challenges for both internet service providers (ISP) and content service provider (CSP). The objective of this paper is to propose the cost-efficient design for content delivery that selects the best cache server to store repeatedly accessed contents. The proposed strategy considers both caching and transmission costs. To achieve the equilibrium of transmission cost and caching cost, a weighted cost model based on entropy-weighting-method (EWM) is proposed. Then, an adaptive cache server selection and resource allocation strategy based on deep-reinforcement-learning (DRL) is proposed to place the cache on best edge server closer to end-user. The proposed method reduces the cost of service delivery under the constraints of meeting server storage capacity constraints and deadlines. The simulation experiments show that the proposed strategy can effectively improve the cache-hit rate and reduce the cache-miss rate and content access costs.

Infrastructure sharing is a practical resource utilization strategy among mobile network operators (MNOs). The rapid growth of data flow and technology migration has increased the costs for both infrastructure deployment and management. Hence, to ensure effective resource utilization, researchers propose a joint venture towers construction for the mobile network in Tanzania. Cost reduction analysis for tower construction has been done through game theory. It has been observed that there is significant cost saving by the MNOs sharing the infrastructure. Based on game theory, it was found that 50% of the cost can be saved when the MNOs cooperate in tower construction, which in turn improves services to the users and increase the network rollout to the remote area. In general, network infrastructure sharing (NIS) benefits both operators and the public at large. The MNOs can have a significant financial saving by avoiding the costs of construction or upgrading the overlapping sites, consolidating the existing sites, and by reducing expenses related to rents, maintenance, and transmission.

Farming communities in developing countries are adopting ICT based systems for agriculture. However, few countries have formalized national ICT for agriculture framework to guide farmers and other actors in solving problems as per their technological and agricultural needs. This paper proposes a framework for agriculture productivity in developing countries. First the description of the components of ICT based systems to support different phases of farming cycle is presented. Then the proposed framework is explained how it can be incorporated in the farming cycle to improve agriculture productivity. The authors anticipate that the proposed framework can bring an increase in agriculture productivity by improving communication pathways for agricultural knowledge and innovation systems (AKIS). The proposed framework is grounded on establishment of strong link between farmer-extension agent-researcher (agricultural innovation platform) using participatory approaches.