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Cover -- Half Title -- Series Information -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Preface -- 1 Introduction -- The focus of the book -- Data and methods: getting to the roots of UN success and failure -- Notes -- Bibliography -- 2 Theories and concepts -- The great cosmopolitan transformation -- Preventing violence by means of military operation -- What about UN interventions? Are they any better? -- Notes -- Bibliography -- 3 Pitfalls of unilateral protective military operations by great powers -- Introduction -- Consequences of unilateral protection: level of individual conflicts -- Consequences of unilateral protection: level of target countries -- Target regime's relationship with the operation: genuine and non-genuine interventions -- Level of state fragility -- Agent of protective military operation -- Path to failure of protection -- Unilateralism -- Selfish humanitarianism -- Ethnicization of protection -- Power centricity and militarism in cosmopolitan protection -- Conclusions -- Notes -- Bibliography -- 4 Measuring success of UN military operations -- UN military operations -- Timeline of fatalities -- Timeline of state fragility -- Fatalities before, during and after UN operations -- State fragility before, during and after UN operations -- Selection bias: consent, great power consensus and the existence of a peace agreement as covariates in the development of the n -- Conclusions -- Notes -- Bibliography -- 5 UN approach and identity: Beyond unilateralism, selfishness and militarism -- Introduction -- Unilateralism vs. collectivist paralysis: is too little too late better than too much too soon? -- The primacy of the conflicting parties as agents of protection -- Consent and impartiality -- Beyond selfish protection -- Who does the UN protect?.

"This book reveals why the UN is more successful than unilateral great powers in protecting civilians from violence, and focuses on the discourse, development and consequences of UN peacekeeping. Analysing statistics of state fragility and fatalities of violence, it reveals that the UN has managed to save tens of thousands of lives with its peacekeeping: a surprising statistic given the media consensus about the UN's powerlessness and inefficiency. Using computer-assisted discourse analysis of resolutions from the UN Security Council, 1993-2019, the book offers data that describe the character and development of UN approach to the protection of civilians from violence. It then links the data to the statistics of conflict fatalities and state fragility to reveal, by means of qualitative and quantitative analysis, when, where, how and why the UN has been successful at protecting civilians"--

This book investigates the reasons behind, and consequences of, military operations by Western powers. It focuses on those humanitarian interventions aimed at protecting civilians from terror, dictators and criminals in fragile states. Contributing to the cosmopolitan, feminist and post-colonial literature on interventions, 12 case studies from across the globe are explored, including military interventions in: Afghanistan, the Central African Republic, Iraq, Kosovo, Libya, Mali, Mauritania, Pakistan, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Syria and Yemen. The interventionist era post 1999 has been associated with an increase in conflict fatalities, while the non-interventionist era 1989–1999 is associated with declining conflict violence. This book analyses both quantitatively and qualitatively the interactive discourses of the proponents and opponents of humanitarian protection. Timo Kivimäki explores the need for a representative global agency and legitimate institutions to avoid accusations of partisanship, and calls for the removal of the masculine gender bias in protection to create 'democratic matriotism'. A timely read for advanced international relations scholars, this book analyses the data surrounding military interventions, providing a thorough insight into the last two decades of humanitarian conflict work. Politicians and practitioners of wartime humanitarian protection will also greatly benefit from this book.

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- List of Tables and Figures -- Preface -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Negotiations -- 3 Research Design -- 4 Bargaining During Hegemonic Transition -- 5 Bargaining During Integral Hegemony -- 6 Emerging Challenge to the Hegemonic Order -- 7 Second Phase of Hegemonic Decline -- 8 Bargaining During Minimal Hegemony -- 9 Post-Hegemonic Bargaining -- 10 Conclusions: Strength of Weakness -- References -- Annexes -- Index.

"Title first published in 2003. Following the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 and October 12, 2002 in the United States and on Bali, we may be witnessing the most sweeping shift in US foreign policy since the beginning of the cold war. America is again committed to leading the world in a battle against a global enemy. The US relationship with Indonesia - the country with the world's largest Islamic population - could prove to be of decisive importance for the success of its new global mission. Timo Kivima?ki's analysis of the dynamics and background of the US-Indonesian relationship will be essential reading for all concerned with American Foreign Policy, Asian studies, peace studies and conflict resolution and negotiation."--Provided by publisher.

"Knowledge can create peaceful realities in addition to serving as an intellectual tool for peace-making. This is why pragmatist assessment of social science should avoid looking exclusively at the instrumental value of different paradigms. This book investigates the realities that positivism, anti-determinism, symbolic interactionism, social constructivism and critical theory create, and the tools they offer for a peace researcher and a peace practitioner. In essence, Paradigms of Peace looks at what social science can give to the humanity's search for peace and then offers an agenda for peace research. Using constructivist pragmatist metatheory to guide the assessment of the merits of different social science approaches to peace, this book suggests completely new ways of looking at the theory of peace and war. Difficult theoretical and philosophical constructs are presented but always supplemented with real-life examples, making it practical and relevant to both a research and policy-making level. Perfect for students and professionals of international relations, political science, peace and reconciliation studies, conflict and war studies and history."--Provided by publisher

Cover Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- List of Figures and Tables -- Preface -- 1 Introduction -- Aims and Objectives -- Conflict in West Kalimantan -- How Did the Two Main Conflicts Begin and Proceed? -- Sources and Structure -- 2 What Kind of Junctures on the Path to Conflict Should Peace Research be Focused on? -- Pragmatic Knowledge, Understanding and Explanation of Paths to Conflicts -- What Kinds of Junctures Should Peace and Conflict Studies be Focused on? -- 3 Junctures on the Path to Conflict -- Antagonism -- Motives of Violence -- Obstacles to and Opportunities for Violence -- Diagnosis -- 4 Can the Path to Conflict be Blocked or Redirected? -- Introduction -- Can Antagonism be Reconciled? -- Can Disputes be Resolved and Conflict Motives be Tackled? -- Can Obstacles to Conflict be Strengthened? -- Conclusions: Strategies of Peace for West Kalimantan -- Annex 1 Inaugural Meeting of the West Kalimantan Ethnic Communication Forum with the Pasir Panjang Declaration -- Annex 2 Pontianak Declaration (translation) -- Bibliography -- Index.

"The annual number of battle deaths from interstate and intra-state conflicts in East Asia has declined by 95% since 1979. During the past three decades, East Asia has been more peaceful than Europe, the Americas or any continent, in terms of battle deaths per capita. When generating theories on peace and war, studies almost never look at the experiences of East Asia. Yet the region by focusing on a commitment to development, is a social reality that is less paranoid, less militaristic and more cooperative. Since 1979 there has been a commonly accepted rule to keep domestic issues domestic so that external military interference, that often caused the majority of battle deaths, was not needed. Thus the emergence of the long peace of East Asia is historically specific, and cannot be generalized by studying objective, material conditions independent of common perceptions and common interpretations. This does not mean that the East Asian experience is not relevant for other regions in the world, but that generalizations should not be attempted to be drawn from the material conditions, but rather from the lived experience and socially constructed realities of East Asia. Since East Asia is a spectacular case of pacification, and since it has not contributed much to our theories of peace and conflict, The Long Peace of East Asia is an important book for studies on peace and war."--Publisher's description.

This book is about the process and, more generally, about the opportunities that peace research and the teaching of conflict resolution can offer academic diplomacy. As such the book is both an empirical and a theoretical project. While it aims at being the most comprehensive analysis of the conflict in West Kalimantan, it also launches a new theoretical approach, neo-pragmatism, and offers lessons for the prevention of conflicts elsewhere.

Abstract
This paper offers new evidence in support of an argument that suggests that East Asian way of keeping peace is developmentalist, anti-interventionist and anti-hegemonic and thus even more different from the existing Western prescriptions for peace than realized before. This argument is based on some new data on organized violence, conflict termination and discourses of protection and security and a comparison of current East Asia with other regions, and with its performance three decades before 1980.
The article also investigates whether the East Asian recipes for peace and prosperity could offer global prescriptions. Again, based on data on global fatalities of organized violence, the conclusion is clear. The world could learn from East Asia: the recipes the long peace of East Asia is based on, as defined in this article, can be found useful also to the entire world.