Suchergebnisse

Feeding the World chronicles the rise of Brazil as a world agricultural powerhouse during the second half of the twentieth century. Tracing the history of Brazilian agricultural development, Herbert S. Klein and Francisco Vidal Luna focus specifically on how Brazil came to be the largest net food exporter in the world. Brazil was always an agricultural export country, but it was traditionally an exporter of a single crop. However, the country's agriculture underwent significant changes after 1960. Since then, Brazil has become one of the top five world producers of some 36 agricultural products and is now the world's primary exporter of such agricultural goods as orange juice, sugar, meat, corn, and soybeans. Drawing heavily on historical and economic social science research, this book not only details how Brazil became an international leader in commercial agriculture, but offers careful insight into one of the most important developments in modern world history

The American demand for slaves and the Afro-American patterns of settlement -- The Portuguese slave trade from Angola in the 18th century -- The trade in African slaves to Rio de Janeiro, 1795-1811 -- Shipping patterns and mortality in the African slave trade to Rio de Janeiro, 1825-1830 -- The internal slave trade in 19th century Brazil -- Slaves and shipping in 18th-century Virginia -- The English slave trade to Jamaica, 1782-1808 -- The French slave trade in the 18th century -- The Cuban slave trade in a period of transition, 1790-1843

The first full-scale, one-volume survey of the demographic history of the United States has been fully updated here. From the arrival of humans in the Western Hemisphere to the current century, Klein analyses the basic demographic trends in the growth of the pre-conquest, colonial and national populations. From the origin and distribution of the Native Americans to late 20th century changes in family structure, fertility and mortality, this updated edition incorporates recent research, including data from the 2010 census. In this definitive study, Klein explores regional patterns of fertility and mortality, trends in births, deaths and international and internal migrations, comparing them with contemporary European developments. The profound impact of historic declines in disease and mortality rates on the population structure of the late-20th century is explained, while the more recent urbanisation and rise of suburbia are examined within the context of new massive international migrations on North American society

"This survey is a synthesis of the economic, social, cultural, and political history of the Atlantic slave trade, providing the general reader with a basic understanding of the current state of scholarly knowledge of forced African migration and compares this knowledge to popular beliefs. The Atlantic Slave Trade examines the four hundred years of Atlantic slave trade, covering the West and East African experiences, as well as all the American colonies and republics that obtained slaves from Africa. It outlines both the common features of this trade and the local differences that developed. It discusses the slave trade's economics, politics, demographic impact, and cultural implications in relationship to Africa as well as America. Finally, it places the slave trade in the context of world trade and examines the role it played in the growing relationship between Asia, Africa, Europe, and America. This new edition incorporates the latest findings of the last decade in slave trade studies carried out in Europe and America. It also includes new data on the slave trade voyages which have justrecently been made available to the public"--Provided by publisher

Este ensaio reconsidera o tema das diferenças comparativas em sistemas escravistas no Novo Mundo. Apesar da rejeição a quaisquer diferenças comparativas de norte-americanos no último quarto de século, pesquisas recentes têm mostrado importantes variações nesses regimes. Essas variações dependem de diferenças entre os mercados de trabalho, nas estruturas demográficas e, sobretudo, nas atitudes face à alforria e à classe de pessoas de cor livres anteriores à emancipação. Apesar de todos os regimes escravistas de plantation terem muito em comum, houve diferenças na participação de escravos e de pessoas de cor livre em ocupações não agrícolas. Isso muitas vezes dependia da disponibilidade de mão-de-obra branca alternativa. Além disso, no século XIX, muitos dos regimes latinoamericanos aumentaram o ritmo das alforria e aprenderam a aceitar os de cor livres como parte fundamental de sua economia , mesmo ao adotar atitudes racistas em relação aos novos libertos. Ao mesmo tempo, os Estados Unidos e alguns dos regimes de plantation do Caribe diminuíram o ritmo de alforria e criaram severas restrições à mobilidade espacial, social, geográfica e econômica a sua pequena classe livre de cor. As causas e consequências dessas diferenças são discutidas neste ensaio.