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This paper analyzes the international transmission effects of euro area monetary policy shocks in to other western European countries, namely the United Kingdom, Sweden, Switzerland, Denmark, and Norway. For this purpose, we use a structural VAR model of the euro area and augment it consecutively by the foreign variables of interest. We find that a monetary policy shock in the euro area leads to a largely similar change in the interest rate and in GDP in these other western European countries. The effects on their exchange rates are limited and their trade balances usually are unaffected. Our results suggest that the income absorption effect to be more important than the expenditure switching effect in the international transmission of monetary policy and that exchange rate stabilization seems to be of some concern to monetary policy makers in small open economies.

Acknowledgements -- Introduction: what's the link between feminism and yoga? / Beth Berila -- Inclusion/exclusion in yoga spaces / Chelsea Jackson Roberts -- In a field of the color purple : inviting yoga spaces for black women's bodies / Marcelle M. Haddix -- "I'm feelin' it." : embodied spiritual activism as a vehicle for queer black liberation / Jillian Ford -- The gender, race, and class barriers enclosing yoga as a white public space / Enoch H. Page -- Towards yoga as property / Roopa Kaushik-Brown -- Yoga, culture and neoliberal embodiment of health / Kerrie Kauer -- Yoga is not dodgeball : mind-body integration and progressive education / Carol Horton -- The intersection of yoga, body image and standards of beauty / Melanie Klein -- Mainstream representations of yoga : capitalism, consumerism, and control of the female body / Diana York Blaine -- "Work off that holiday meal ladies!" : body vigilance and orthorexia in yoga spaces / Jennifer Musial -- Naked yoga and the sexualization of asana / Sarah Schrank -- Reblog if you feel me : love, blackness, and digital wellness / Maria Velazquez -- Fat pedagogy in the yoga class / Kimberly Dark -- Yoga as individual and collective liberation / Beth Berila -- From practice to praxis : mindful lawyering for social change / Thalia González and Lauren Eckstrom -- Embodiment through purusha and prakrti : feminist yoga as a revolution from within / Punam Mehta -- Yoga and disability / Steffany Moonaz -- Yoga as embodied feminist praxis : healing and community-based responses to violence / Beth S. Catlett and Mary Bunn -- Yoga, postfeminism, and the future / Ariane Balizet and Whitney Myerr -- Queering yoga : an ethic of social justice / Jacoby Ballard and Karishma Kripalani -- Conclusion: (un)learning oppression through yoga : the way forward / Chelsea Jackson Roberts and Melanie Klein

AbstractIt is expected that both children and their parents contribute to children's development of emotion knowledge and adjustment. Bidirectional relations between child temperament (fear, frustration, executive control) and mothers' reactions to children's emotional experiences were examined to explore how these variables predict children's emotion understanding, social competence, and problem behaviors. Preschool‐aged children (N = 306) and their mothers were assessed across four‐time points. Children's temperament and mothers' non‐supportive reactions to children's emotional experiences were assessed when children were 36 and 45 months of age. Emotion understanding was assessed when the children were 54 months of age and teachers reported on children's problem behaviors and social competence when the children were 63 months of age. Covariates included family income, child cognitive ability, gender, and child adjustment at 36 months. Results from path analyses demonstrated that bidirectional relations between children's temperament and mothers' non‐supportive reactions were not significant. However, mother's non‐supportive reactions directly predicted fewer problem behaviors, and children's emotion understanding mediated the relation between children's executive control and their later social competence. As such, emotion understanding appears to be one mechanism through which executive control might impact social competence.

AbstractThis study examined whether effortful control (executive control [EC], delay ability [DA]) accounted for the effects of early‐childhood contextual factors (income, cumulative risk, parenting) on middle‐childhood adjustment (social competence, internalizing and externalizing problems), or whether contextual factors account for observed associations between effortful control and adjustment. A sample of children and parents (N = 306) were assessed when children were 3‐, 5‐, and 8‐years. Age‐3 income and cumulative risk predicted changes in age‐8 EC. Also, age‐3 parenting predicted changes in effortful control. Warmth and limit setting predicted increases in EC, whereas negativity predicted decreases in DA from the age of 3 to 5, and scaffolding predicted increases in EC and DA from the age of 5 to 8. In turn, age‐8 EC was associated with higher social competence. However, neither age‐8 EC nor DA was associated with internalizing or externalizing above the effects of age‐8 stress (negative life events). The findings indicate that early‐childhood income, adversity, and parenting are relevant in predicting effortful control development into middle‐childhood, and in turn, middle‐childhood social competence. However, concurrent stress appears more relevant to adjustment problems, implying some of the effects of effortful control might be accounted for by the context of risk.