Suchergebnisse

The paper considers critically the methodology and main conclusions of the World Bank study on the concentration of ownership and control in the Russian economy. The authors discuss methodological problems of the study and stress its importance for understanding trends of economic development in Russia in the last years. At the same time the risks of market monopolization and "state capture" by the biggest private companies are overestimated in the World Bank report. Recent economic growth has been closely connected with the activity of leading financial-industrial groups. For successful economic development Russia — as a big country but a small economy — needs new large companies able to compete in the global market. For "growing" of such businesses the country requires institutions of development and new industrial policy taking into account successful experience of the middle-income countries like Chile, Israel, Mexico, Brazil, South Korea.

The article describes the methodology for identifying and analyzing economic cycles, which are based on historical spectral approach that combines the advantages of the historical and economic analysis and spectral method of the study of economic series. The proposed approach is used to isolate and analyze both their own regular fluctuations of economic dynamics inherent in the developed economies and the vibrations induced by technological and external economic shocks. The analysis has been carried out on the basis of data on the dynamics of the post-war U.S. economy as the main driver of world cycles, and of Russia's economy from 1861 to 2012 using the latest research on the reconstruction of the time-series of its economic dynamics. Finally, conclusions are drawn in relation to the state economic policy in the conditions of the global cyclical development.

The role of the prominent Soviet economist, academician A. Anchishkin (1933—1987), whose 80th birth anniversary we celebrate this year, in the development of ideas and formation of economic forecasting in the country at the time when the directive planning acted as a leading tool of economic management is explored in the article. Besides, Anchishkin's special role is noted in developing a comprehensive program of scientific and technical progress, an information basis for working out long-term forecasts of the country's development, moreover, his contribution to the creation of long-term forecasting methodology and improvement of the statistical basis for economic analysis and economic planning. The authors show that social and economic forecasting in the period after 1991, which has undertaken a number of functions of economic planning, has largely relied on further development of Anchishkin's ideas, at the same time responding to new challenges for the Russian economy development during its entry into the world economic system.

The traditionally applied approach to determine the boundaries of poverty and the middle class based predominantly on the criteria of income level overlooks a wide group of citizens related to low-income category. The paper examines multicriteria approaches in determining the boundaries of poverty and the middle class which cover social, economic and behavioral factors. As an essential criterion to classify population as a poor class the authors chose behavioral characteristics related to the possibility and propensity for long-term planning. Applied regression analysis confirms the significance of some households' social and economic characteristics that increase the likelihood of their belonging to a certain population group, such as household size, age of the head of household, education level, professional activity, etc. Based on various methodological approaches, the analysis of the Russian society structure reveals its high polarization where the share of the poor fluctuates from 10% to a quarter of population and even more considering the parameters that determine the quality of life, behavior and self-identification. Drawing on multicriterial approach, the authors propose additional measures of support, which cover not only the poorest segments and large families,but also a significant cohort of low-income citizens, as well as measures that contribute to higher-income work and the increment of human wealth. The analysis concludes with cost assessment of suggested measures and the effect of their implementation on socio-economic development and welfare until 2030.

The article proposes an approach to a comprehensive assessment of the level of scientific and technological activity in Russia in comparison with leading foreign countries. An analysis has been made of the current imbalances in the development of the scientific and technological sphere in Russia and the reasons for the failure to fulfill many strategic goals. A forecast of scientific and technological development in the context of the existing management system has been made and an assessment has been taken of the potential effect and cost of measures aimed at increasing the technological sovereignty of Russia and the formation of an advanced knowledge economy.

The article explores multicriterial approaches to determine the boundaries of poverty and the middle class. Applied regression analysis confirms the significance of some households' social and economic characteristics that increase the likelihood of their belonging to a certain population group. Based on various methodological approaches, the analysis of the Russian society structure reveals its high polarization and a significant share of poor population fluctuating from 12% to a quarter of the population and even more considering the parameters that determine the quality of life, peculiarities in behavior and self-identification. Applying the multicriterial approach, the authors propose additional measures to support citizens which cover not only the poorest segments of the population and large families, but also a significant cohort of low-income citizens, as well as the measures that contribute to higher-income work and the increment of human wealth.The article explores multicriterial approaches to determine the boundaries of poverty and the middle class. Applied regression analysis confirms the significance of some households' social and economic characteristics that increase the likelihood of their belonging to a certain population group. Based on various methodological approaches, the analysis of the Russian society structure reveals its high polarization and a significant share of poor population fluctuating from 12% to a quarter of the population and even more considering the parameters that determine the quality of life, peculiarities in behavior and self-identification. Applying the multicriterial approach, the authors propose additional measures to support citizens which cover not only the poorest segments of the population and large families, but also a significant cohort of low-income citizens, as well as the measures that contribute to higher-income work and the increment of human wealth.

On the basis of statistics of anomalous socio-natural, political and economic phenomena collected from various sources, all crisis events are considered as a manifestation of a certain cyclicality, largely due to periodic processes of solar activity. In this article, the authors not only analyze the rhythm of these events in the past, but also using a specially developed neural model predict their cyclical manifestation for the coming period - until 2030 - 2050.

The problem of the psychological safety of education in the last decades of the life of Russia is becoming more and more practically and theoretically relevant: qualitative and quantitative transformations of situations and types of violations of the psychological safety of education require systematic, generalizing research and practical developments in the field of its preservation and restoration. Our research is an attempt at a systematic understanding of the problems of the psychological safety of education – a step towards the creation of an integrative theory of this phenomenon. The aim of the research is to analyze the problems of psychological safety of education. The research method is an integrative theoretical analysis of the problems of the psychological safety of education. The work contributes to the creation of a systemic model of the psychological safety of education. The problem of psychological safety of education includes the problems of personal, interpersonal, educational, professional and organizational safety, it is closely related to the issues of innovations and reforms in higher, secondary and primary education, including the problems of resistance to innovations and changes in the educational environment, the problems of innovation stress, and also issues of prevention and correction of pediogeny and mathetogeny. The indicators of the psychological safety of a person in the conditions of an educational institution of education are: 1) the safety of a person as a person; 2) the safety of a person as a partner; 3) the safety of a person as a student and a professional. The research contributes to the development of an integrative model of the psychological safety of education and the search for new, integrative ways to achieve, maintain and restore it.

The paper describes three aspects of virtual market of electrical energy. Legislative base of alternative source using in energy-supply system including "green tariff" is presented. Calculation of economical parameters in order to estimate effectiveness of different alternative source is made. Technical solution for DC, AC, and hybrid energy transmission schemes are developed.References 8, figures 6, tables 3. ; В статье описываются три аспекта виртуального рынка электрической энергии. Норма-тивно-правовая база альтернативного источника с использованием в системе энергоснабже-ния, включая «зеленого тарифа» представлено. Расчет экономических показателей для оценки эффективности различных альтернативных источников производится. Техническое решение для постоянного, переменного и гибридных схем передачи энергии разрабатываются.Библ. 8, рис. 6, табл. 3. ; У статті описуються три аспекти віртуального ринку електричної енергії. Нормативно-правова база альтернативного джерела з використанням в системі енергопостачання, включаючи «зеленого тарифу» представлено. Розрахунок економічних показників для оцінки ефективності різних альтернативних джерел проводиться. Технічне рішення для постійного, змінного і гібридних схем передачі енергії розробляютьсяБібл. 8, рис. 6, табл. 3.

The roundtable participants assessed the effects of the pandemic and analyzed its consequences, the impact on economic and social development. The main attention in the discussion was paid to the pace of economic recovery, anti-crisis mechanisms to support the economy in 2020, which can become systemic, aimed at stimulating investment activity, and suggest new approaches to solving social problems. The participants in the discussion proposed considering the possibility of strengthening the countercyclical nature of the fiscal rule, taking into account not only oil prices, but also other factors of economic activity. It was noted that investments in many sectors have increased, but mainly due to budgetary sources, the role of budgetary policy has also increased. During the pandemic, the role of the state has changed: it has become not only a source of funds, but also a guarantor of investments and social payments. However, the roundtable participants noted that this new role of the state should not be ensured by raising taxes.

The topicality and significance of the study is determined by the fact that life and activity of a person in contemporary socio-economic conditions are inextricably connected with the constant impact of adverse social, political, economic and other factors on him. These factors are accompanied by the emergence of various kinds of difficult life situations, as a result of which stress develops in a person. In the student milieu, stress arises under the influence of difficulties associated with both the learning process and life circumstances. The paper presents the results of an empirical study of socio-psychological features of hardiness in students of higher educational institutions. The methods of research comprised: theoretical analysis, empirical research (testing), qualitative analysis of the obtained data, mathematical and statistical data processing (SPSS Statistics, Excel). Testing included the following psycho-diagnostic tools: the author's questionnaire for assessing stressful situations; McCrae-Costa Five-Factor Personality Questionnaire (The Big Five dimensions); "Hardiness test"; Self-attitude technique. The validity and reliability of the study results was ensured by the initial methodological positions, the use of proven tools, sample representativeness of the research, as well as mathematical processing of data with the use of a software package for statistical analysis. As a result of the study, it was proved that emotion-focused ways of overcoming stress associated with a decrease in tension and a change in attitude to emerging difficulties prevail among the students of both the experimental and control groups. A high level of stress was found in the majority of subjects. In order to reduce this stress, it is necessary for students to form special skills to overcome it. In addition, an analysis of the psychological factors of students' hardiness made it possible to determine the main areas of their psychological support in overcoming difficult life situations (development of qualities that form the core of students' personal adaptive potential, the formation of their social competency, enrichment of social networks, as well as learning ways to find and accept social support).