Suchergebnisse

PURPOSE: The aim of the article was to learn and evaluate the development of the U.S. milk market. ; DESIGN/APPROACH/METHODOLOGY: The study analyzed the number of dairy cows, milk yield of cows, milk production, import, export and consumption of milk and milk products in the USA. In the analysis of the research results, tabular, graphic and descriptive methods were used. ; FINDINGS: United States (U.S.) dairy farms used to be most efficient in the world. The average herd of dairy cow is 115 head in the United States of America (USA) and 22 in the European Union (EU). The vast majority of cow's milk production (85%) comes from dairy herds having more than 100 head. The analysis shows that the milk yield of cows and milk production in the USA increased, with a slight increase in the number of cows. ; PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: During the analyzed period, the USA increased the consumption of dairy products, while the consumption of liquid milk has decreased. ; ORIGINALITY/VALUE: In 2009-2018, the trade balance was positive Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method – CCR, BCC and NIRS model focused on input-oriented minimization were used. ; peer-reviewed

Purpose: The main focus is on the export and import of agricultural products in the EU in the years 2002-2017 outside the EU (extra-EU). Design/Methodology/Approach: This paper investigates the impact of EU (European Union) enlargement on food trade using descriptive statistics. First, EU-28 exports, imports, and trade balance of agricultural products outside the EU (extra-EU) are presented for 2002-2017. Findings: The trade balance between EU countries for food, beverages, and tobacco are also presented. Accession has led to the elimination of trade tariffs and accelerated improvements in trade. The most exported products by EU countries were alcoholic beverages (spirits and liquors, wine, and vermouth), bakery products, and wheat. Most of the export of agri-food products is directed to other EU countries, Russia, China, and various countries in South America, Africa, and Asia. Imports to EU countries comprised mostly of vegetables and fruits, coffee, tea, cocoa, and various fish products. Practical implications: The results will fill in the gap concerning the food trade of agricultural products in the EU. Originality/Value: The new information about extra EU trade of agricultural products and a GARCH (Generalized Autoregressive Conditionally Heteroscedastic) model was presented. ; peer-reviewed