Suchergebnisse

Abstract
To facilitate access for the wider international audience interested in issues of organ allocation the texts in this volume are all in English. But in view of the fact that Analyse & Kritik, though an international journal, is published in Germany it seemed appropriate to provide a German introduction and overview. This overview outlines the background of organ donation and transplantation as seems useful for the 'uninitiated' reader and positions the papers of the volume on the intellectual map. In the end the articles of the volume speak for themselves while the comments that conclude it may be helpful as springboards for further critique.

Abstract
This is a somewhat simplistic introduction to some of the topics related to the so called 'paradox of liberalism'. It tries to serve the twin purpose of facilitating access to the papers printed in this issue of Analyse & Kritik and putting them into a broader perspective.

"Im Mittelpunkt des Beitrags stehen die zentralen methodologischen Differenzen, die mit dem Betrieb von Rational Choice verbunden sind. Einerseits geht es darum, rationales Entscheiden aus der Binnensicht des Entscheiders selbst zu rekonstruieren. Andererseits stellt man sich die Frage, was auf der Basis bestimmter, vom Beobachter festgesetzten Rationalitätsannahmen vorauszusagen ist. Diese Sichtweise dominiert in den Rational Choice-Ansätzen. Dies wurde möglich durch die spezifisch ökonomische Philosophie des 'als ob', die empiristische Erklärungs- und Prüfbarkeitideale mit dem mathematischen Optimierungsapperat unter Rückgriff auf Plausibilitätskriterien zu verbinden sucht. In der Konsequenz dominieren explikative und nicht explanative Orientierungen. Dies gilt vor allem für den Bereich der Spieltheorie." (Autorenreferat)

"Durch die Knappheit der Ressourcen können nicht alle Wünsche befriedigt werden. Für ein Höchstmaß an Wunschbefriedigung müssen unsere Wünsche durch Vorsicht und Vernunft kontrolliert werden. Die Wirtschaftswissenschaft kann hierbei Hilfestellung leisten." (Autorenreferat)

In a setting in which the provision of a collective good is at stake, the "principle of generality as equal treatment" is related to the concept of "envy-free net trades." This leads to an operational formulation of the fundamental liberal aim of nondiscriminatory politics in terms of stated preferences or bids. Starting from such bids, a simple axiomatic justification for "schematically equal taxes" (everyone pays the same amount) is given. 16 References. Adapted from the source document.

Abstract
The implementation of the Wujciak algorithm as a new rule for organ allocation by Eurotransplant is of considerable interest for the theorist of choice making. In the process reformers accepted the status quo in principle but expected that their potential opponents would be willing to make minimal or 'tolerable' concessions. Thereby the consensual introduction of new dimensions of value and reforms of allocation practices based thereupon became viable. The paper characterizes a decision procedure based on 'almost lexicographically pre-ordering established values and practices' in a stylized manner, presents a formal reconstruction of it and points out some of its potential implications for rule choices in general.

Abstract
The paper tries to relate classical liberal intuitions about rights and liberties to some of the more formal discussions of the putative impossibility of a Paretian liberal. Its focus is on the interpretation of formal modelling rather than on formal analysis. The theoretical concepts of the formalized approaches more often than not distort the meaning of the non-formalized concepts of classical liberal theory. Using proper explications of the concepts of liberties and rights respectively the alleged paradoxes of liberalism lose their paradoxical character.