Suchergebnisse

Problem setting. The formation of the rule of law state and civil society in Ukraine is largely conditioned by the state of political culture, which emerges as an important component of the sociocultural image of the nation and at the same time as a structural element of the political system of the state, which determines the nature of the interaction between the state and citizens, the state and institutions of democracy. Recent research and publications analysis. The study of political culture belongs to the sphere of scientific interests of Ukrainian and foreign scientists. Problems of studying political culture were addressed by such Ukrainian scientists as V. Bebyk, M. Golovaty, L. Gorodenko, M. Dmytrenko, L. Nagorna, V Rebkalo, N. Repina, O. Rudakevich, O. Stehnii, M. Trebin, B. Tsymbalistyi and others. Important contributions to the theoretical development ofpolitical culture ideas have also been made by foreign scholars, including G. Almond, R. Jackman, L. Dittmer, R. Ellis, D. Fuchs, R. Lane, J. Lorenz, I. Lustick, S. Maerz, R. Miller, W. Mishler, M. Neumann, L. Pye, W. Rosenbaum, C. Schneider, R. Tucker, S. Verba, et al. Paper objective. The purpose of the article is to study the nature and structure of political culture, to consider the features of its typology. Paper main body. The concept of «political culture» as a subjective dimension of politics was introduced in to scientific circulation only in the XVIII century by German philosopher J. Herder and until the middle of the twentieth century it was view edrather at the level of world-view universalism ratherthaninits specific form sandmanifestations. Through the efforts of G. Almond, S. Verba, L. Pye, D. Kavanagh, and other researchers, the theoretical foundations for considering political culture were developed. In the future, three major theoretical and methodological approaches to defining the essence ofpolitical culture have emerged in political science. The first of these, including the time of its appearance, is an orientation approach that, ...

Problem setting. Higher education is the most important component of national capital. It helps to overcome social conflicts that exist in modern society. In this regard, the priority development of higher education is considered in the countries of the world as a driving force of social progress.
Recent research and publications analysis. The study of the problem of ensuring the quality of higher education belongs to the sphere of scientific interests of both Ukrainian and foreign scientists. Among modern domestic researchers dealing with theoretical and methodological issues of higher quality assurance, such scientists as N. Batechko, O. Zhornova, S. Karpenchuk, T. Krystopchuk, V. Moroz, T. Dobko, I. Zolotaryova, S. Kalashnikova, V. Kovtunets, S. Kurbatov, I. Linyova, V. Lugovoi, I. Prokhor, N. Sydorenko, I. Stankevich, I. Sikorska, Zh. Talanova, M. Trebin, T. Finikov, S. Sharov and others. A significant contribution to the theoretical development of higher quality assurance problems was also made by foreign scientists ‑ K. Argyris, G. Becker, J. Brennan, R. Brown, L. Brockerhoff, R. Williams, A. Helmke, G. Papadopoulos, E. Sallis, R. Harris, S. Harris-Hemmert, D. Schön, and others. Despite the fact that the understanding of various problems of ensuring higher quality has been widely reflected in the scientific literature, a number of issues that need to be constantly considered remain debatable.
Paper objective. The purpose of the article is to study the essence of the concept of "higher education quality" in the modern socio-philosophical discourse; consideration of methodological approaches to the analysis of this phenomenon; identification of the main factors that determine the effectiveness of the higher education quality assurance system.
Paper main body. Ensuring the quality of higher education is currently an extremely acute issue for many countries. This is primarily related to the transition from elite to mass higher education, the active introduction of modern distance learning information technologies into the educational process, the need to ensure the competitiveness of graduates of higher education institutions in the conditions of a globalized labor market and academic mobility, etc. In Ukraine, the problem of ensuring the quality of higher education is gaining particular importance. This is evidenced by state programs for the development of higher education, including the Law "On Higher Education", in which for the first time a separate section dedicated to the problems of ensuring the quality of higher education appears.
Three quality models of higher education are known in the world, namely: 1. "English", based on the internal self-assessment of the academic community. The formation of such a mechanism for assessing the quality of education is connected with the significant autonomy of educational institutions in Great Britain and the decentralization of education management. In this country, there is a multi-level system of accreditation of universities and educational programs. This model of education quality assessment also prevails in Australia, and a new approach to the accreditation of educational programs has been introduced. The accreditation procedure includes, along with internal evaluations and quality guarantees, external criteria and recommendations from industrial enterprises; 2. The "French" model provides for an external evaluation of higher education institutions to determine their responsibility to society; 3. The "American" model, which is actually being implemented in Ukraine today, is an organic combination of the two mentioned, which gives it significant advantages and wide opportunities in its application, as it provides for both public and state forms of control of the achieved results.
The implementation of European standards and recommendations for ensuring the quality of higher education is implemented in the activities of higher education institutions of Ukraine. Art. 16 Chap. V of the Law of Ukraine "On Higher Education" defines the structure of the higher education quality assurance system. It is noted that the quality assurance system of higher education in Ukraine consists of: 1) systems of ensuring the quality of educational activities and the quality of higher education by institutions of higher education (system of internal quality assurance); 2) systems of external assurance of the quality of educational activities of institutions of higher education and the quality of higher education; 3) systems of quality assurance of activities of the National Agency for Quality Assurance of Higher Education and independent institutions of assessment and quality assurance of higher education.
Conclusions of the research. The system of higher education of Ukraine must follow the path of mutual approximation of its own achievements and the latest European experience in the issue of ensuring the quality of higher education in modern conditions of social development. This will contribute to the growth of the competitiveness of graduates of Ukrainian higher education institutions, the full entry of higher education institutions of Ukraine into the European area of higher education.

Problem setting. Political ideology is a complex, ambiguous social phenomenon that is constantly in the focus of attention of scholars and is considered in various scientific discourses. The problematic situation is related to contradictions in the definition of the concept and place of political ideology in the socio-political space. In this regard, it is advisable to analyze the historical evolution of the concept of political ideology and explore the forms in which it is integrated in modern conditions.
Recent research and publications analysis. The study of the problems of political ideology belongs to the sphere of scientific interests of both Ukrainian and foreign scholars. Among modern domestic researchers who deal with theoretical and methodological issues of political ideology should be noted such scientists as V. Andrushchenko, L. Gubernsky, N. Degtyareva, V. Denisenko, D. Dontsov, V. Zablotsky, F. Kirilyuk, V. Korablyova , V. Lisovy, I. Myhul, M. Mykhalchenko, O. Postol, A. Sukharina and others. Foreign scholars T. Adorno, T. Boyd, J. Habermas, M. Gorkheimer, D. Jost, P. Kisak, S. Krauthammer, K. Mannheim, D. Martin, N. Pulantsas, K. Federico, M. Frieden, M. Foucault, K. Harrison and others. Despite the fact that the scientific literature has widely reflected the understanding of various problems of political ideology, there are still a number of debatable issues that need to be constantly considered.
Paper objective. The aim of the article is to study the essence of the concept of political ideology in modern socio-philosophical discourse; consideration of methodological approaches to the analysis of this phenomenon; identification of structural levels and components of political ideology, study of the features of its functional system.
Paper main body. In the modern scientific literature, the concept of "political ideology" has many interpretations. This significantly complicates his research. To reveal the essence of this social phenomenon, we must first turn to the analysis of the concept of "ideology". Ideology is one of the forms of social consciousness. It is a theoretically generalized system of views and beliefs about society, in which theoretical and empirical knowledge is intertwined with beliefs and values. Ideology, in fact, is an intellectual expression of the activities of different classes and social groups that have their own conceptual and moral value systems. The basis of the ideological system of society is political ideology. Any ideology has a political character, but the concept of "political ideology" is used in a specific sense, namely - to characterize the rational-value motivation of political behavior and ideological basis of politics. Political ideology is a system of conceptually designed ideas, ideas and views on political life, which reflects the interests, worldview, ideals, moods of people, classes, nations, society, political parties. To analyze ideology as a factor in the political process, it is important to understand its structure and functions. After all, the structural elements of ideology have varying degrees of influence on the political process. According to Ukrainian scholars (M. Mikhalchenko, M. Ostapenko, О. Voronyansky, Т. Kulishenko and others) political ideology includes the following structural components: political ideas; political hypotheses, concepts, theories, doctrines; political ideals, values, slogans; political myths and political utopias; political programs. The functional system of political ideology includes a wide range of functions, including the following: orientation, mobilization, integration, depreciation, the function of expressing and protecting the interests of a particular social group.
Conclusions of the research. Political ideology, which is a set of mostly systematized ideas, views, ideas of certain social groups, society as a whole, contains theoretical (conceptual) understanding of political life and protects their interests and goals through political power or influence on it. Its role in society is determined by the influence it exerts on the state of public consciousness through the implementation of its specific functions.

The role of religion in the structure of European identity was not on the top of agenda before the discussion of the Constitution project, but in the light of the intensive migration and Brexit this question appears to be more and more important. The issue of the interconnection between religion and European identity has several dimensions: the role of believing and belonging as well as Christianity and it forms in construction and functioning of European identity and feeling of Europeanness. The correlation analysis of Eurobarometer data (2009-2019), European Value Study (2d and 3d waves) and World Value Survey (1st-6th waves) data allows us to prove that, being secular in its roots, European identity has intense ties with religiousness. Religion appears to be a factor of European identity not within any confession, but more as a faith. Nevertheless, correlation analysis also demonstrates differences in the influence of Christian confessions on the one's self-identification as European, which allows to look wider at the religion function in European Identity and claimed European values (mainly of secular and Enlightenment origin) in historical retrospective. This means that religion perspective not only reopens the discussion of the substance of being European, but also is one of key approaches to the urgent issues of peaceful group coexistence within European Union.

cодержание эстетического вкуса определено исторически и связано с различными политическими ; идеологическими и религиозными сторонами жизни общества. Концепция вкуса отражает метафизику ; поддержанную культурой. Тоталитарный вкус – производное тоталитарного государства. Пропаганда оптимизма ; лестный реализм ; фотографическая конкретность ; театрализация официальных церемоний ; и частной жизни превратило искусство этого времени в смесь фальшивки с героизмом ; что одинаково фальсифицировало культуру народа ; а также имело разрушительный эффект на эстетику и этику тихого большинства. В статье сделана попытка определить основные признаки тоталитарного вкуса в рамках эстетической интерпретации творчества русского художника начала ХХ века – К.С. Петрова-Водкина. ; in our research we have to open the contents of aesthetic taste. It is determined historically and connected to the various political ; ideological and religious sides of life a society. The concept of taste reflects the metaphysics maintained by culture. Totalitarian taste – derivative the totalitarian state. Propagation of optimism ; flatter realism ; photographic concreteness ; staging of official ceremonies ; and private life has transformed art of this time into a mix of a forgery with heroism ; that equally forged culture of people ; and also had destructive effect on an aesthetics and ethics of the silent majority. In papers we attempt to determine the basic attributes of totalitarian taste is made within the framework of aesthetic interpretation of creativity of the Russian artist of the beginning of XX century – K.S.Petrov-Vodkin.

This paper discusses some General issues of organizing and conducting an empirical study of juvenile delinquency. Special attention is paid to the methodology of research of the problem related to the personality and career of a minor criminal. In particular, the authors consider the peculiarities of using sociological methods to find out the personal qualities of juvenile offenders and the reasons that led to their committing offenses and crimes.