Suchergebnisse

The interrelation of an enterprise strategy and the factors of successful implementation of the projects at an enterprise, and primarily, the compatibility of the parameters of projects with an internal environment of an enterprise is a priori necessary. The process of formation of a portfolio of projects is quite complex, so it is advisable to consider general mathematical setting of the problem of formation of a portfolio of projects and to identify the main concepts, within which to carry out the main task of this study. The purpose of the study is to obtain a publicly available algorithm of optimal selection of the projects for the portfolio of an enterprise that will meet its overall development strategy and will not conflict with the set of resources that is already available. In the course of performing the set tasks, we applied scientific methods: comparison, generalization, mathematics and system analysis, mathematical similarities and simulation. The information basis of the study is the authors' designs relating to a portfolio analysis. The status of the tools and mechanisms of strategic management at a production enterprise was analyzed under conditions of competition and an enterprise development. It was revealed that at present there are many methods of selection of projects, but on the one hand, they are all incomplete, on the other, they possess complicated mathematics apparatus that makes it inaccessible for a wide application, which is why obtaining a simple approach is extremely necessary. The algorithm for the analysis of potential projects was proposed with the aim of their selection for the portfolio of an enterprise and further implementation. It was proposed to take into account the available resources of an enterprise and its current strategy. Applying this algorithm provides for the consistent analysis of the projects in order to identify possibilities of their implementation at a specific enterprise, taking into account the state of the enterprise's resources, for the coordination of the plan of implementation of the portfolio of projects with the plans of an enterprise during different levels of planning, for the selection of the most promising projects for implementation in line with the strategy of development. The novelty of the research lies in an attempt to expand the parameters of an enterprise that should be included in the requirements for the selection of projects and will most accurately reflect the original status of the enterprise. On the basis of the proposed algorithm, it is planned in the future to build a mathematical model of formation of a portfolio, which will highlight the main settings needed to conduct a comprehensive analysis and assessment of the portfolio of a company. The parameters were proposed for the strategy of an enterprise, which allow systematically assessing of the possibility of implementation of its portfolio. With the use of the given indicators, we evaluated implementation of the portfolio of projects at the level of planning of functional units.

Innovation component is the basis of modern business development, regardless of which field this business belongs in, who owns it and which structure its capital has. The challenges of modern society force to step up efforts of the developing countries in the direction of development of innovation infrastructure, which would allow taking a quantum leap in the development of industry and economy. These challenges predetermined the relevance of the chosen research. Formation and development of innovation policy in the economies of the developing countries is the actual task of recent studies of many authors. Identification of general trends in the development of leading countries will make it possible to work out a common strategy for the developing countries, in their further development of innovation policy. The purpose of writing this article was to perform the analysis of formation of innovation policy in the leading countries of the world, such as the United States of America and Japan to identify the peculiarities of these countries, common features and differences. During the research we applied methods of comparison, generalization, abstraction, analysis, elements of system analysis, algorithms and simulation. As a result of the survey we revealed peculiarities of formation and development of innovation policy of the United States and Japan with the following conclusions made: 1.The development of innovation policy of a state grows when coordination and key financing is provided by the state and by local governments, too. 2.The largest effect in the development of innovation activity for the countries with transition economies can be observed by choosing "selective" directions of development. 3.Creation of regional technological parks takes place with regard to historically established regional opportunities and directions. 4.Approval of the legislative base in the country, which must fully support (at all levels) innovation entrepreneurship. 5.Formation of a system of private (venture capital) funds, ...

Innovation component is the basis of modern business development, regardless of which field this business belongs in, who owns it and which structure its capital has. The challenges of modern society force to step up efforts of the developing countries in the direction of development of innovation infrastructure, which would allow taking a quantum leap in the development of industry and economy. These challenges predetermined the relevance of the chosen research. Formation and development of innovation policy in the economies of the developing countries is the actual task of recent studies of many authors. Identification of general trends in the development of leading countries will make it possible to work out a common strategy for the developing countries, in their further development of innovation policy. The purpose of writing this article was to perform the analysis of formation of innovation policy in the leading countries of the world, such as the United States of America and Japan to identify the peculiarities of these countries, common features and differences. During the research we applied methods of comparison, generalization, abstraction, analysis, elements of system analysis, algorithms and simulation. As a result of the survey we revealed peculiarities of formation and development of innovation policy of the United States and Japan with the following conclusions made: 1. The development of innovation policy of a state grows when coordination and key financing is provided by the state and by local governments, too. 2. The largest effect in the development of innovation activity for the countries with transition economies can be observed by choosing "selective" directions of development. 3. Creation of regional technological parks takes place with regard to historically established regional opportunities and directions. 4. Approval of the legislative base in the country, which must fully support (at all levels) innovation entrepreneurship. 5. Formation of a system of private (venture capital) funds, regulated by state programs in priority areas. At the present stage of development of the world economy, only innovation policy creates a vector of the development of a state. This is confirmed by the experience of such leading countries as the United States of America and Japan. As the result of generalization of the experience of formation of the innovation policy of these countries, we identified the main trends of development that can be applied in other developing countries, taking into account their national characteristics. All of the identified factors positively affect the increase of progressive indicators of the economy, well–being of society and the activity of integration at the international level. The novelty of the work lies in the fact that for the first time we analyzed formation of innovation policy in the USA and Japan to identify common peculiarities and differences in the development of innovation policy, as well as we attempted to obtain the scheme of creation of the basic structure that allows developing and implementing innovation. The obtained results can be applied to further systematization of information on the development of innovation policy for the formulation of a universal model.