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Bezug nehmend auf die Beiträge des Bandes argumentieren die Autoren, dass die besondere Herausforderung darin bestehe, aus Vergleichen zwischen verschiedenen Reformprozessen zu lernen, aber eine einfache Übernahme von Prozessmustern aus anderen Ländern zu vermeiden, da diese nicht Erfolg versprechend sei. Drei Aspekte seien dabei besonders relevant: Erstens müsse die Komplexität von Verfassungsfragen und föderalen Systemen anerkannt werden. Existierenden Pfadabhängigkeiten zu entkommen, stelle zum einen das Ziel von Reformen dar, erweise sich aber gleichzeitig immer wieder als große Schwierigkeit. Zweitens bildeten Verfassungsreformen eine Form des joint-decision-making. Nicht nur in föderalen Systemen, sondern auch in Zentralstaaten müssten verschiedene Akteure einer Reform zustimmen. Drittens unterlägen föderale Systeme gewissen Eigendynamiken, die notorische Instabilitäten erzeugten. Reformen zielten auf ein Ausbalancieren dieser Eigendynamiken, könnten dieses Ziel aber immer nur für eine gewisse Zeit erreichen, bevor wieder neue Reformnotwendigkeiten entstünden. Somit gelte es zum einen, Wege zu identifizieren, die verhindern, dass Verhandlungen in der Politikverflechtungsfalle enden. Falls dies dennoch geschehe, bedürfe es zum anderen innovativer Ideen, wie die Verhandlungen wieder aus der Falle herausgeführt werden können. Hierfür können sowohl Reformen anderer Länder wichtiges Anschauungsmaterial als auch die Begegnung zwischen Wissenschaft und Praxis hilfreiche Impulse liefern. (ICB).

Zum Ende des Jahres 2019 treten sowohl das Maßstäbegesetz als auch das Finanzausgleichsgesetz sowie der Solidarpakt II außer Kraft. Damit muss eine tragende Säule des föderalen Systems neu verhandelt werden. Gleichzeitig entfaltet die Schuldenbremse ihre volle Wirkung. Mit den anstehenden Reformen müssen das Spannungsfeld von Solidarität und Eigenverantwortung, von Vielfalt und Gleichwertigkeit der Lebensverhältnisse sowie Kernaufgaben der öffentlichen Daseinsvorsorge neu bestimmt werden.Der Band untersucht aus politikwissenschaftlicher, finanz- und wirtschaftswissenschaftlicher sowie rechtswissenschaftlicher Perspektive unterschiedliche Reformoptionen und ihre Umsetzungschancen und leistet dabei einen grundlegenden Beitrag zum vertieften Verständnis föderaler Finanzbeziehungen. Durch den internationalen Vergleich verschiedener Finanzausgleichssysteme werden die Besonderheiten des deutschen Systems und Ähnlichkeiten bundesstaatlicher Fiskalbeziehungen herausgearbeitet. Mit Beiträgen von: Ehtisham Ahmad, Nathalie Behnke, Arthur Benz, Hansjörg Blöchliger, Giorgio Brosio, Hans Eichel, Gisela Färber, Philipp Fink, René Geißler, Thomas O. Hueglin, Felix Knüpling, Stefan Korioth, Sabine Kropp, Thomas Lenk, Wolfgang Renzsch, Henrik Scheller, Enid Slack, Roland Sturm, Heinrich Tiemann, Joachim Wieland

The COVID-19 pandemic is an unprecedented international event. The spread of the coronavirus – the biggest public health crisis in a century and the first of this scale in the globalized modern world – has prompted unparalleled responses by national governments. The proliferation of 24-hours news coverage and social media has allowed people across the world to follow, in real time, the unfolding and visible impacts of the pandemic. In 2020, as governments grappled with fluctuating waves of the COVID-19 pandemic, the effectiveness of public policy varied among federal nations (the paper focuses on countries that are explicitly and constitutionally federal, and countries with governance systems in which governance powers and responsibilities are devolved from the central level to the subnational level). Federal countries such as Australia and Canada managed to keep mortality low, whereas others such as Brazil, Spain and the United States suffered some of the highest numbers of fatalities anywhere around world, both in absolute and relative terms (Kontis et al. 2020, 1919-1928; Brunner et al. 2020; Ritchie et al. 2020) ; The COVID-19 pandemic is an unprecedented international event. The spread of the coronavirus – the biggest public health crisis in a century and the first of this scale in the globalized modern world – has prompted unparalleled responses by national governments. The proliferation of 24-hours news coverage and social media has allowed people across the world to follow, in real time, the unfolding and visible impacts of the pandemic. In 2020, as governments grappled with fluctuating waves of the COVID-19 pandemic, the effectiveness of public policy varied among federal nations (the paper focuses on countries that are explicitly and constitutionally federal, and countries with governance systems in which governance powers and responsibilities are devolved from the central level to the subnational level). Federal countries such as Australia and Canada managed to keep mortality low, whereas others such as Brazil, Spain and the United States suffered some of the highest numbers of fatalities anywhere around world, both in absolute and relative terms (Kontis et al. 2020, 1919-1928; Brunner et al. 2020; Ritchie et al. 2020)

"The balance of centralization and decentralization also varies across institutional and policy domains, such as the legislative framework for education, drafting of curricula, benchmarking for accountability, accreditation, teacher training, and administrative responsibilities at the primary, secondary, and tertiary levels. Given these critical issues in federalism and education, this volume examines ongoing challenges and policy strategies in ten countries, namely Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Germany, Italy, Spain, Switzerland, United Kingdom, and the United States. These chapters and the introductory overview aim to examine how countries with federal systems of government design, govern, finance, and assure quality in their educational systems spanning from early childhood to secondary school graduation. Particular attention is given to functional division between governmental layers of the federal system as well as mechanisms of intergovernmental cooperation both vertically and horizontally. The chapters aim to draw out comparative lessons and experiences in an area of great importance to not only federal countries but also countries that are emerging toward a federal system" --

"The COVID-19 pandemic bared the inadequacies in existing structures of public health and governance in most countries. This book provides a comparative analysis of policy approaches and planning adopted by federal governments across the globe to battle and adequately respond to the socio-economic fallouts of the pandemic. With twenty-two case studies from across the globe, the book critically analyzes responses to the public health crisis, its fiscal impact and management, as well as decision-making and collaboration between different levels of government of countries worldwide. It looks at measures taken to contain the pandemic and to responsibly regulate and manage the health, socio-economic welfare, employment and education of its people. The authors highlight the deficiencies in planning, tensions between state and local governments, politicization of the crisis, and the challenges of generating political consensus. They also examine effective approaches used to foster greater cooperation and learning for multi-level, polycentric innovation in pandemic governance. One of the first books on federalism and approaches to the COVID-19 pandemic, this book is an indispensable reference for scholars and researchers of comparative federalism, comparative politics, development studies, political science, public policy and governance, health and wellbeing, and political sociology. The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/e/9781003251217, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license"--

The COVID-19 pandemic bared the inadequacies in existing structures of public health and governance in most countries. This book provides a comparative analysis of policy approaches and planning adopted by federal governments across the globe to battle and adequately respond to the health emergency as well as the socio-economic fallouts of the pandemic. With twenty-four case studies from across the globe, the book critically analyzes responses to the public health crisis, its fiscal impact and management, as well as decision-making and collaboration between different levels of government of countries worldwide. It explores measures taken to contain the pandemic and to responsibly regulate and manage the health, socio-economic welfare, employment, and education of its people. The authors highlight the deficiencies in planning, tensions between state and local governments, politicization of the crisis, and the challenges of generating political consensus. They also examine effective approaches used to foster greater cooperation and learning for multi-level, polycentric innovation in pandemic governance. One of the first books on federalism and approaches to the COVID-19 pandemic, this volume is an indispensable reference for scholars and researchers of comparative federalism, comparative politics, development studies, political science, public policy and governance, health and wellbeing, and political sociology.