Suchergebnisse

Since independence rural development in Sri Lanka has concentrated on the Rural Development Societies (RDS). This voluntary, non-statutory villagelevel organization was supposed to coordinate all development measures and to initiate a self-sustaining development process at the village level. Dominance by a few leaders, political influences, lack of own resources, dependence on subsidies from the district-level, little participation in the decision making process by the majority of the rural people, and concentration on traditional community development thinking are the main reasons why the RDS-movement has been of only marginal importance to rural life in Sri Lanka. A new approach in rural development, the Change Agents Programme, focuses on the participation of the rural poor and on the raising of their incomes by breaking exploitive dependencies on middlemen. This approach indicates one possible direction in the necessary re-orientation of the rural development policy and, in combination with the RDS-movement, it might be of great importance for the future rural development of Sri Lanka.

The European Community's attitude towards developing countries was initially determined by a regionalistic approach, resulting in a distinction between associated and non-associated developing countries. For several reasons, the non-associated developing countries - among them India - signed bilateral commercial and cooperation agreements with the European Community (EC). These countries benefit from the Generalized System of Preferences, from specific measures promoting trade and the transfer of capital and technology as well as from development aid and food aid. This indicates that the EC is moving towards a globalistic approach, although the ACP group and the southern Mediterranean countries still make up the inner circle of privileged cooperation. The poor performance of India with respect to her trade with the European Economic Community (EEC) is caused both by the protectionist policies of the EEC and the dirigisme in India in the fields of trade, industry and the public sector. Although attempts towards liberalization were already made after the first oil crisis, reforms have gained special importance since Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi's assumption of office. His early drive to free the economy from restrictions is criticized by all those who enjoyed benefits from them. The implemented and projected reforms indicate India's willingness to reach the level of the newly industrialized countries (NICs). On her way, however, she will face both stiff competition from NICs as well as protectionism from the industrialized countries. Alternatively, therefore, closer economic ties with the neighbouring countries of South Asia are considered. Looking at India's involvement in world affairs and world politics, India's relations with the European Community, Japan, USA, USSR and China are surveyed. A positive development of future Indo-EC relations depends mainly on the successful implementation of market-oriented economic strategies by India and a consistent European concept of development and cooperation policy which ...

The authors trace the European Community's (EC) economic relations with India. Bilateral commercial and co-operation agreements between the EC and India. The poor performance of India with respect of her trade with the EC caused by the protectionist policies of the EC and the dirigism in India in the fields of trade, industry and the public sector. India's political relations with Japan, USA, USSR, China and the EC are briefly surveyed. (DÜI-Sen)

Einführung in die Thematik des Symposions -- Die Regionalwirtschaft als historische Entwicklungsstufe und dauerndes Element der Sozialstruktur -- Autonome und plurale Entwicklungsstrategie -- Forschungsprobleme soziologischer Faktoren in bezug auf wirtschaftliches Wachstum -- Balanciertes "internes" und nichtbalanciertes "externes" Wachstum als Pole sozialökonomischer Entwicklung -- Grundfragen landwirtschaftlicher Entwicklung in der Übergangsperiode zur modernen Wirtschaft -- Unumgängliche sozial- und bodenrechtliche Vorbedingungen erfolgreicher regionaler Entwicklung -- Das genossenschaftliche Prinzip in der Landreform der Entwicklungsländer -- Politische Regime und die Entwicklung von unten -- Die besondere Aufgabe der Erziehung für die Entwicklung in vorindustriellen Gesellschaften -- Entwicklung regionaler Produktionsgrundlagen -- Industrielle Entwicklungsprogramme und die Rolle regionaler Zentren -- Ein Testprogramm in Nordost-Brasilien -- Entwicklungsprojekte in Ostpakistan -- Wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit auf der regionalen Ebene in Israel -- Landwirtschaftliche Entwicklung und Landreform am Beispiel Perus -- Der Plan der "Cooperacion popular" der peruanischen Regierung -- Die Bedeutung des Erziehungsfaktors im Wachstumsprozeß der Entwicklungsländer am Beispiel Nepals -- Das amerikanische Friedenskorps.