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This work investigates crucial aspects of Kant's epistemology and ethics in relation to Kierkegaard's thinking. The challenge is taken up of developing a systematic reconstruction of Kant's and Kierkegaard's position. Kant forms a matrix for the interpretation of Kierkegaard, and considerable space is devoted to the exposition of Kant at those various points at which contact with Kierkegaard's thought is to be demonstrated. The burden of the argument is that Kierkegaard in his account of the stages is much closer to Kant than the texts initially reveal. It is possible, then, to arrive at a pro

Philosophie-historische Studie zu Entwicklung der Lehre über Krieg und Frieden in der DDR, Mitte der 50er Jahre bis Ende der 80er Jahre.:Autorenbeitrag: Ulrich Knappe, Die Entwicklung von Auffassungen zu Krieg und Frieden im marxistischen Denken der DDR. 1. Wesen des Krieges in den Arbeiten marx. Philosophen am Ende der 50er Jahre. 2. Leistungen und Grenzen der Wesensbestimmung. 3. Altes und neues Denken im Widerstreit. Beilage: Urkunde. Niederschrift einer Diskussion mit Horst Großmann, Ulrich Knappe, Wolfgang Scheler, Ernst Woit: Unhaltbares und Bewahrenswertes am marxistischen philosophischen Denken über Krieg und Frieden in der DDR.

AbstractBrucellosis is a frequent zoonosis in some regions of the world and may cause various symptoms. Neurobrucellosis is a rare but serious complication of the infection. Our case report describes the course of neurobrucellosis in a patient who had received a ventriculoperitoneal shunt in his native country 13 years prior to diagnosis of brucellosis. He initially presented to us with symptoms of peritonitis, which misled us to perform abdominal surgery first. After the diagnosis of neurobrucellosis was confirmed and appropriate antibiotics were initiated, the symptoms soon disappeared. Although the ventriculoperitoneal shunt was subsequently removed, the patient did not develop a symptomatic hydrocephalus further on. This case displays the challenges in diagnosing an infection that occurred sporadically in Europe and may be missed by currently applied routine microbiological workup. Considering the political context, with increasing relocation from endemic areas to European countries, it is to be expected that the cases of brucellosis and neurobrucellosis will rise. Brucellosis should be considered and adequate investigations should be performed.

Abstract
Background The long-term outcome of facet joint replacement (FJR) still is to be proven.
Methods We present a prospective case series of 26 (male-to-female ratio of 1:1; mean age: 61 years) patients undergoing FJR with a follow-up of at least 1 year (range: 12–112; mean: 67 months). Visual analog scale (VAS) for back and leg pain, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and the 12-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12) were applied pre- and postoperatively (after 3, 6, and 12 months) as well as at the last follow-up (N = 24). Using X-rays of the lumbar spine (N = 20), the range of motion (ROM) and disk height in the indicator and adjacent levels were assessed.
Results FJR was performed at L3/L4 (N = 7), L4/L5 (N = 17), and L5/S1 (N = 2). Mean VAS (mm) for back pain decreased from 71 to 18, mean VAS for right leg pain from 61 to 7, and from 51 to 3 for the left leg. Mean ODI dropped from 51 to 22% (for all p < 0.01). Eighty seven percent of patients were satisfied and pretreatment activities were completely regained in 78.3% of patients. Disk height at the indicator and adjacent levels and ROM at the indicator segment and the entire lumbar spine were preserved. No loosening of implants was observed. Explantation of FJR and subsequent fusion had to be performed in four cases (15.4%).
Conclusions In selected cases, long-term results of FJR show good outcome concerning pain, quality of life, preservation of lumbar spine motion, and protection of adjacent level.

Symposiumbeiträge der Projektgruppe Für eine globale Friedensordnung.:Autorenbeiträge: Endre Kiss, Hypothesen über China unter dem Blickwinkel der Globalisierung. Ulrich Knappe, Der Aufbruch Chinas in einen neuartigen Kapitalismus. Wolfgang Effenberger, China – Bedrohung für die Weltmachtpläne der USA oder nur ein Stolperstein? Wolfgang Scheler, Warum der Westen China nicht versteht. Horst-Dieter Strüning, Der Aufstieg Chinas zur Weltmacht unter friedenspolitischer Perspektive. Ernst Woit, Chinas Globalstrategie der friedlichen Koexistenz und die Krise der imperialistischen Globalstrategie des Westens. Horst Sylla, Zur Sicherheits- und Militärpolitik Chinas. Redaktioneller Anhang, Karten zur Volkrepublik China.

Abstract
Background We compare the effect of urokinase (urokinase-type plasminogen activator [uPA]) versus alteplase (recombinant tissue plasminogen activator [rt-PA]) for intraventricular fibrinolysis (IVF) in patients with intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) on ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) dependence, functional outcome, and complications in the management of IVH.
Methods We retrospectively reviewed the patients admitted with IVH or intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) with IVH within 7 years in three different departments and found 102 patients who met the inclusion criteria. The primary end points were VPS dependence and Glasgow outcome score (GOS) at 3 months. Secondary end points were rate of rebleeding under IVF and incidence of treatment-related complications. Patients were divided into three groups: group I comprised patients treated with external ventricular drain (EVD) and IVF with uPA; group II comprised patients treated with EVD and IVF with rt-PA; and group III comprised patients treated with EVD alone.
Results In all, 9.8% patients needed VPS: 12.2% in group I and 15.0% in group II, with no statistically significant difference. VPS patients had higher values of the modified Graeb score (mGS), IVH score, and IVH volume. We saw a trend for a better outcome in group II, with six patients achieving a GOS of 4 or 5 after 3 months. The mortality rate was higher in groups I and III. We found no statistical difference in the complication rate between groups I and II. Logistic regression analysis revealed that higher mGS and age predicted worse prognosis concerning mortality. The risk for death rose by 7.8% for each year of age. Any additional mGS point increased the chances of death by 9.7%.
Conclusion Our data suggest that both uPA and rt-PA are safe and comparable regarding incidence of communicating hydrocephalus, and age and mGS are predictive for mortality.