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Once the criminal procedure has been initiated, the mechanism of criminal-law protection of social values is set in motion, imposing immediate restrictions оn the fundamental human rights of the accused. To ensure that the judgment rendered in criminal proceedings is fully legitimate, the legislator has to ensure that the defendant has the opportunity to articulate his/her position оn the matter at issue. The legislator has to balance the public interest of the state to punish the criminal offender аnd the fundamental human rights аnd freedoms of individuals who are subjected to the criminal-law repression. To this effect, it is necessaryto create an optimal institutional setting which would embody these opposing goals. The defendant's fundamental human rights and freedoms may be restricted only if the judgment imposing such restrictions has been the result of а confrontation of arguments between the prosecutor and the defendant in proceedings instituted before an independent criminal court which has fully observed the principles of legality, impartial justice and fairness. Thisis the essence of the right to а fair trial, which is contained in the international human rights' protection documents and the supreme legal acts of the states based оn the rule of law. The right to а fair trial comprises the right of the injured party (the "victim" of unfair criminal proceedings) to seek compensation from the state for wrongful conviction. This right is considered infringed if there has been а serious omission in the course of proceedings which is detrimental to the defendant's interests. It encompasses the rights arising from wrongful conviction and wrongfully applied procedural repression measures. As such, thisright is envisaged in the most important international law documents in the field of human rights' protection.

In order to investigate criminal offences and prosecute criminal offenders, police officers and competent prosecutors engage juvenile informants for the purpose of gathering certain information about criminal activities. In the introductory part of the paper, the author discusses the definition and significance of the institute of juvenile informants. The second part of the paper presents the stages in the process of recruiting informants. The third part of the paper focuses on the engagement of juvenile informants and the analysis of legal provisions on this matter in Great Britain. This part also presents the affair pertaining to the adoption of certain amendments in the field of recruiting and engaging juvenile informants, as well as the examples of juveniles used as informants in the UK. In the next part of the paper, the authors analyze the legal provisions on recruitment of juvenile informants in the United States of America. In the concluding remarks, the authors discuss the shortcomings in the procedure of recruiting juvenile informants in the legal systemsof Great Britain and the United States of America.

During the Napoleonic Wars on the eastern coast of the Adriatic, a British squadron established a close military cooperation with the Montenegrins. The aim of the British was to liberate Boka Kotorska (the Bay of Kotor/Bocca di Cattaro) from the French, and the goal of the Montenegrin Metropolitan Petar I was to unite Boka with Montenegro. The war events in Bay of Kotor are the subject of this article. The Memoirs and Letters of the British squadron's Commander William Hoste were extensively used, as well as the diary of the French General Gauthier and historical sources from the Montenegrin archives.

The right to privacy is one of the fundamental human rights. However, the illumination of modern types of crime (especially organized crime) requires the use of technical achievements that necessarily limit the privacy of the persons to whom these measures have been applied. Thanks to scientific and technological progress, interpersonal contacts take place with the absence of the time distance required to move information from the sender to the recipient. It is realistic to expect that the authority of criminal proceedings can hardly resist the temptation to supplement evidence with the insight into the intimacy of the defendant (or suspect). Thus, achievements of scientific and technological progress are the legacy that makes it easier and adorn human life, but it is also "restless Faust" who is tempting a man at every step. Certainly scientific and technical achievements "provoke" the legislator, as well as the police and judicial authorities in the process of clarifying the criminal case. A delicate task is set before the legislator. The provisions of the law must be such as to provide for the suppression of perpetrators of criminal offenses (especially organized crime), who in the performance of their activities of criminal character use the most modern scientific and technical achievements. On the other hand, a border must be determined, dividing legally from unlawful interference with private life, which must not be crossed by the police and judicial authorities, engaged in the criminal prosecution of perpetrators of criminal offenses.

The final convicting verdict marks the beginning of the process of enforcing the final court decision, as stated in the formal pronouncement of the judgment passed by the court. The court verdict evolves from a thorough and meticulous factual reonstruction of the criminal act, and the application of the criminal code norms to the determined facts. The institutionalised reaction to the offender's suspected wrongdoing is crowned by the final verdict, passed in the closing stages of the court proceedings. Filing an appeal against the final verdict ensures the supervision of the legality and the regularity of the verdict rendered during the first-instance proceedings. The court's decision about the legal remedy is final and executive. The consequences of any deficiencies present in the final verdict may be removed only by a decision passed by a high court in the proceeding initiated by extraordinary legal remedies. The final verdict can be annulled because of its factual or legal deficiencies. This paper examines the deficiencies of the legal grounds of the final verdict.

The Convention on the Protection of Children against Sexual Exploitation and Sexual Abuse (2007) was ratified and thus incorporated into the Serbian legal system in 2010, which entailed the obligation to regulate this matter in greater detail by introducing specific measures aimed at preventing this type of criminal activity. This aim was accomplished by adopting the Act on Special Measures for Preventing the Commission of Sex Crimes against Minors (2013). This paper explores the aforementioned special measures for preventing sexual abuse of children, with particular reference to some controversial and disputable issues.

The criticism of the traditional criminal justice system as well as the development of the restorative justice movement have generated diverse alternative models which are aimed at resolving disputes in criminal matters by 'diverting' the criminal justice proceeding into a less formal yet more efficient and humane alternative proceeding. One of the typical alternative dispute resolution models is the victim-offender mediation. Mediation has often been subject to legal regulation at the international level. For this reason, authors of this article have first focused on exploring the legal documents adopted by United Nations Organization as well as the recommendations and framework decisions of the Council of Europe. Then, in the second part of the paper, they analyze legal provisions in Sweden and Austria, which can be used as illustrations of so called in-court (near-court) and out-of-court mediation. The third part is dealing with Serbian legislation.

In the wake of the Cold War, Yugoslavia and its successor states were engulfed in a series of conflicts, including armed ones. In all of the republics - the newly independent states of Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Macedonia, and Serbia's then-province of Kosovo, but with the exception of Slovenia - these conflicts were primarily ethnically driven. The only former Yugoslav republic to avert armed conflict in the 1990s was Montenegro, which regained its independence peacefully in 2006. In this article, the authors respond to the research question of why, out of all of the republics of the former Yugoslavia, was it only in Montenegro in which there was no ethnic conflict during the disintegration of the Yugoslav federation? The authors apply the Randall Collins theory of social conflicts to the case study of Montenegro. This theory combines geopolitical and ethnic factors for the absence or outbreak of conflicts, something which has a strong explanatory potential for this case study. Through a multidisciplinary approach, based on a case study as a qualitative method, the authors analyse various factors so that they are able to reach concrete conclusions in a comprehensive manner. The analysis covers historical, demographic, political, and special ethical aspects in Montenegro. Our explanation of the most important causes which ensured the absence of ethnic conflict in Montenegro is based on perspectives of what can be referred to as the neo-Weberian and anti-foundationalism approaches which emphasise the behaviour of the state, as well as geopolitical circumstances, as prime examples for the emergence or absence of ethnic-based conflict.

In paragraph 1 of Article 2 of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR), the imposition of the death penalty is permitted, as a departure from the right to life. In the last decades there has been a tendency for the absolute abolition of the death penalty, in times of war and peace. As a result of this effort, almost all European countries abolished the death penalty. In addition, the Council of Europe adopted Protocol 6 and Protocol 13, which completely abolished the death penalty. The European Court also, in its practice, using the principle of "convention as a living instrument", has changed its approach to the scope of the ban on the application of the death penalty. The authors deal with a critical interpretation of the case-law of the European Court of Human Rights, trying to answer the question, of whether there has been an abrogation of the provision of paragraph 1 of Article 2, so that according to that provision, there is an absolute ban on the application of the death penalty in the Council of Europe member states.

The subject of the paper is the European Arrest Warrant as a Model of Extradition of EU Member States, established by the EU Council Framework Decision (2002/584/ PUP) of 13 June 2002 about the surrender procedure between the EU Member States. The introductory part of the paper gave a brief overview of the idea of the unification of Europe after the II World War and in this regard the adoption of the EUW as a substitute for slow and insufficiently effective extradition. The central part of the paper contains an exposition of its concept, legislative framework, substantive and procedural legal conditions for publication and content. The EAW can not be issued for all offenses, but only for the works listed in the Catalog 32. The principle of double punishment has been abolished for some serious crimes, as well as the prohibition of the extradition of its own citizens for some financial crimes. In the concluding part pointed to the role of EAW in the construction and functioning of the EU's single judicial area. ; Predmet rada je Evropski nalog za hapšenje (u daljem tekstu: EUN) kao model ekstradicije država članica Evropske unije, uspostavljen Okvirnom odlukom Veća EU (2002/584/PUP) od 13. 6. 2002. o postupku predaje između država članica EU. U uvodnom delu rada je dat kratak osvrt na ideju ujedinjenja Evrope posle II svetskog rata i s tim u vezi usvajanje EUN kao supstituta spore i nedovoljno efikasne ekstradicije. Centralni deo rada sadrži izlaganje o njegovom pojmu, legislativnom okviru, materijalnim i procesnim pravnim uslovima za izdavanje i sadržini. Evropski nalog za hapšenje ne može se izdati za sva krivična dela, već samo za dela navedena u Katalogu 32. Načelo dvostruke kažnjivosti je ukinuto za pojedina teška krivična dela, kao i zabrana izručenja vlastitih državljana za neka finansijska krivična dela. U zaključnom delu je ukazano na ulogu EUN u izgradnji i funkcionisanju jedinstvenog pravosudnog prostora EU.