Suchergebnisse

This paper has two aims: (1) to replicate the four-dimensional structure of the Drinking Motive Questionnaire Revised (DMQ-R) in a national representative sample from Switzerland, and (2) to validate the relevance of distinguishing drinking motives by inspecting the relations with expected consequences, alcohol use, and alcohol-related and other problems. Confirmatory factor analysis and linear structural equation models were estimated based on answers of 5,617 8th to 10th graders (mean 15.1 years; SD = 0.95). The results confirm the four-dimensional factor structure in general and among subpopulations defined by gender, age, and linguistic region. It could also be confirmed that enhancement motives followed by coping motives were strongly related to alcohol use and heavy drinking, whereas conformity motives were negatively related. Coping motives were related to problems independent of whether they were assessed as alcohol-related or not, while enhancement motives were associated solely with alcohol-related problems. In sum, the results demonstrate the robustness of the DMQ-R and its usefulness for assessing drinking motives among European adolescents from different cultural backgrounds.

Aims: To provide a qualitative report of the process of development and implementation of a Dutch community intervention in which retail and social alcohol supply for adolescents was restricted. Insight will be provided into how relevant stakeholders evaluated their role in the process. Methods: Qualitative methods were used to analyze the documents about the action plan, project meeting minutes, data from local media and semi-structured interviews with the most important stakeholders. Interviews were analyzed using Nvivo 9. Results: Stakeholders generally evaluated the development and implementation of the community intervention as reasonably successful. Cooperation between local and external stakeholders was highly appreciated. Failure to implement planned measures was mostly attributed to lack of support from the local authorities and a lack of time. Also, the lack of regular internal communication and media advocacy for enforcement activities was criticized. Conclusions: In order for a community intervention to be successful, a clear intervention focus complemented by high political support and leadership at the local level is needed. Also, formative process evaluation protocols should be incorporated. External stakeholders appeared to be rather crucial in both developing and implementing the intervention.

Abstract Background Because of the magnitude of the global tobacco epidemic, the World Health Organisation developed the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC), an international legally binding treaty to control tobacco use. Adoption and implementation of specific tobacco control measures within FCTC is an outcome of a political process, where social norms and public opinion play important roles. The objective of our study was to examine how a country's level of tobacco control is associated with smoking prevalence, two markers of denormalisation of smoking (social disapproval of smoking and concern about passive smoking), and societal support for tobacco control. Methods An ecological study was conducted, using data from two sources. The first source was the Tobacco Control Scale (TCS) from 2011, which quantifies the implementation of tobacco control policies in European Union (EU) countries. Data on smoking prevalence, societal disapproval of smoking, concern about passive smoking, and societal support for policy measures were taken from the Eurobarometer survey of 2009. Data from Eurobarometer surveys were aggregated to country level. Data from the 27 European Union member states were used. Results Smoking prevalence rates in 2009 were negatively associated with a country's TCS 2011 score, although not statistically significant (r = −.25; p = .21). Experience of societal disapproval was positively associated with higher TCS scores, though not significantly (r = .14; p = .48). The same was true for societal support for tobacco control (r = .27; p = .18). The TCS score in 2011 was significantly correlated with concern about passive smoking (r = .42; p =.03). Support for tobacco control measures was also strongly correlated with concern about passive smoking (r = .52, p = .006). Conclusions Smokers in countries with a higher TCS score were more concerned about whether their smoke harms others. Further, support for tobacco control measures is higher in countries that have more of these concerned smokers. Concerns about passive smoking seem central in the implementation of tobacco control measures, stressing the importance of continuing to educate the public about the harm from passive smoking.

Background: Because of the magnitude of the global tobacco epidemic, the World Health Organisation developed the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC), an international legally binding treaty to control tobacco use. Adoption and implementation of specific tobacco control measures within FCTC is an outcome of a political process, where social norms and public opinion play important roles. The objective of our study was to examine how a country's level of tobacco control is associated with smoking prevalence, two markers of denormalisation of smoking (social disapproval of smoking and concern about passive smoking), and societal support for tobacco control.

Methods: An ecological study was conducted, using data from two sources. The first source was the Tobacco Control Scale (TCS) from 2011, which quantifies the implementation of tobacco control policies in European Union (EU) countries. Data on smoking prevalence, societal disapproval of smoking, concern about passive smoking, and societal support for policy measures were taken from the Eurobarometer survey of 2009. Data from Eurobarometer surveys were aggregated to country level. Data from the 27 European Union member states were used.

Results: Smoking prevalence rates in 2009 were negatively associated with a country's TCS 2011 score, although not statistically significant (r = −.25; p = .21). Experience of societal disapproval was positively associated with higher TCS scores, though not significantly (r = .14; p = .48). The same was true for societal support for tobacco control (r = .27; p = .18). The TCS score in 2011 was significantly correlated with concern about passive smoking (r = .42; p =.03). Support for tobacco control measures was also strongly correlated with concern about passive smoking (r = .52, p = .006).

Conclusions: Smokers in countries with a higher TCS score were more concerned about whether their smoke harms others. Further, support for tobacco control measures is higher in countries that have more of these concerned smokers. Concerns about passive smoking seem central in the implementation of tobacco control measures, stressing the importance of continuing to educate the public about the harm from passive smoking.

Purpose. Assess whether family environmental factors affected changes in fruit and snack consumption among 12- to 14-year-old adolescents participating in a Dutch healthy diet promotion program. Design. Data were derived from pretest and posttest questionnaires completed by adolescents in 10 schools in the intervention arm of the program trial and questionnaires completed by their parents during program implementation. Setting. Lower vocational schools in the southern and central parts of The Netherlands. Subjects. Questionnaire answers of 502 parents were matched with those of their children. Intervention. Eight school lessons using various theory-based materials and strategies. Measures. Dietary intake, ethnicity, education level, employment status, parenting style, food purchase considerations, family food rules, and food availability and accessibility at home. Analysis. Regression analyses. Results. No significant family environmental predictors of program-induced changes in either fruit or snack intake were found. Conclusion. A limitation of the study was that all data were self-reported. No evidence was found that there were subgroups of adolescents who profited less from the program because of family environmental factors.

Die Beziehung zwischen Substanzkonsum, Peergruppe und Devianz im Jugendalter <span class="fett">Fragestellung:</span> Ziel der Studie ist zu untersuchen, inwieweit sich Frankreich und die Niederlande im Zusammenhang zwischen Substanzkonsum der Peergruppe bzw. Devianz und dem eigenen Substanzkonsum im Jugendalter unterscheiden. Angenommen wird, dass die Beziehungen in Frankreich stärker ausgeprägt sind. <span class="fett">Methodik:</span> Daten wurden von französischen (n = 9,649) und niederländischen Jugendlichen (n = 4,930) erhoben. Multilevel-Pobitanalysen wurden durchgeführt. </p><p> <span class="fett">Ergebnisse:</span> In Frankreich geht der Cannabiskonsum der Peergroup mit einer höheren Wahrscheinlichkeit für eigenen Konsum einher als in den Niederlanden (OR: 14,8 vs. 5,7), während hier der illegale Drogenkonsum der Peergroup eigenen Konsum dieser Substanzen stärker prädiziert. Devianz war in Frankreich weniger mit Cannabis- oder illegalem Drogenkonsum assoziiert als in den Niederlanden. </p><p> <span class="fett">Schlussfolgerung:</span> Systematische Unterschiede in der Beziehung zwischen Peergroup bzw. Devianz und Substanzkonsum liegen zwischen Jugendlichen beider Länder vor.