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This article examines genealogical ethics in the digital age. At a time when more resources for research are available digitally than ever previously, digital media also pose challenges for the large-scale dissemination of false or misleading information as well as the incautious presentation of more careful research that then might be misconstrued by some. This article first reviews the literature about the development of academic genealogy and professional ethical standards. It then provides a series of case studies, each of which examines particular situations in which ethical questions have arisen about the presentation of research findings. This article argues for a greater need among lay researchers to pursue careful research and for a greater need among commercial genealogical databases to foster that. It also argues for the need, grounded in the ethical respect for human dignity, to recognize the individuality and to respect the dignity of the life stories of those whom we study and about whom we write, which should undergird the research process and the presentation of findings. In a concluding section, this essay presents several suggestions that could be used by commercial genealogical companies and researchers to promote more careful investigation and to improve the presentation of findings in commercial databases, online trees, genealogical websites, and other genealogical works that do not routinely undergo peer review.

This Special Issue of Genealogy examines the use of evidence, documentation, and methodology in family history and genealogical studies, and welcomes case studies that examine how to document individuals and relationships. A critical component of scholarly research focusing on the study of particular individuals or groups entails correctly identifying those individuals Historians, genealogists, historical demographers, and scholars in other disciplines sometimes undertake this sort of analysis. Often, research is uncomplicated if the research subject remained in a particular geographical area, or left a clear evidentiary trail, but what happens when historical documents do not clearly identify the research subject? Utilizing a case study approach, this essay employs four different research methods—the chronological study, family reconstitution, community study techniques, and the one-name study—to identify an individual whose correct historical identification was problematic. As such, it establishes a research strategy that can be employed in similar situations.

Although the existence of Quakers in Virginia is well known, the best recent surveys of Virginia history devote only passing attention to them, mostly in the context of expanding religious freedoms during the revolutionary era. Few discuss the Quakers themselves or the nature of Quaker settlements although notably, Warren Hofstra, Larry Gragg, and others have studied aspects of the Backcountry Quaker experience. Recent Quaker historiography has reinterpreted the origins of the Quaker faith and the role of key individuals in the movement, including the roles of Quaker women. Numerous studies address Quaker women collectively. Few, however, examine individual families or women of different generations within a single family, and Robynne Rogers Healey has argued for "more biographies of less well-known Quaker women". This essay uses a four-generation genealogical case study of the Quaker Bowater-Wright family to analyze the development of the Quaker faith in the Virginia backcountry and the lower South and its spread into the Old Northwest. In the backcountry environment, with its geographically isolated settlements and widely dispersed population, early Quaker migrants found fertile ground for both their economic and religious activities. The way of life that developed there differed significantly from the hierarchical Anglican structure of the Tidewater region and the more vocal evangelical groups with their independent congregational structure in the southern backcountry. This article argues that Quaker women played a critical role in shaping Quaker migration and institutional growth in eighteenth and nineteenth century America. It also suggests that the Quaker institutional structure reinforced family connections by creating a close bond that united southern Quakers across a great geographical area.

This essay argues that characteristics of the Irish and Scottish kin-based clan systems brought to America by settlers from Ireland and Scotland in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries had lasting effects on American kinship systems. Using a case study to focus on a single family, it suggests that elements of kinship systems originating in Ireland and Scotland could be found in a central Georgia community in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. This is significant because the location was far removed from areas often identified with Irish, Scottish, and Scotch-Irish settlers, such as the hill country of the lower Appalachian Mountains. It suggests that cultural folkways could persist across many generations of a family, even outside areas where they were heavily concentrated. The latter portion of the essay focuses on the role of one woman, family matriarch Rhoda Johnson, in shaping identity and transmitting culture across generations.

This paper examines the life and experiences of a 19th-century immigrant from the British Isles to the United States and his family. It examines his reasons for immigrating, as well as his experiences after arrival. In this case, the immigrant chose to create a new identity for himself after immigration. Doing so both severed his ties with his birth family and left his American progeny without a clear sense of identity and heritage. The essay uses a variety of sources, including oral history and folklore, to investigate the immigrant's origins and examine how this uncertainty shaped the family's history in the 19th and 20th centuries. New methodologies centering on DNA analysis have recently offered insights into the family's past. The essay ends by positing a birth identity for the family's immigrant ancestor. Importantly, the family's post-immigration experiences reveal that the immigrant and his descendants made a deliberate effort to retain aspects of their pre-immigration past across both time and distance. These actions underscore a growing body of literature on the limits of post-immigration assimilation by immigrants and their families, and indicate the value of genealogical study for analyzing the immigrant experience.

Story of the Valley, a poem / Chip Dameron -- Dedication / Milo Kearney -- Beales's Rio Grande Colony and Grant's Matamoros Expedition: The Amazing Stories of Two British Physicians Who Nearly Altered Mexican Texas / Craig H. Roell -- A Brief Look at Citizen Opportunists in the Matamoros area during the U.S. – Mexico War, 1846-1848 / James W. Mills -- The Mystery of the Texas Blockade Runner 'Texana' / Walter E. Wilson -- The National Guard Defends Brownsville and the Valley—1916 / Anthony K. Knopp and Alma Ortiz Knopp -- John Closner, Operative / Norman Rozeff -- President Robert Paul ('R. P.') Ward / Rolando Avila -- How McAllen Became the Economic Center of the Rio Grande Valley / Edward F . Wallace, Jr. -- Brownsville and Matamoros, 1990-2015, the Sequel to Boom and Bust: The Historical Cycles of Matamoros and Brownsville / Milo Kearney and Anthony Knopp -- The Good Samaritans of Escuelita de la Banqueta / Ronny Noor -- Caged Dreams, a poem / Ronny Noor -- A History of Policing the United States–Mexican Border along the Rio Grande and the Southwest / Billy Hathorn -- The Wesmer Drive-In: The Valley's Last Picture Show / Noe E. Perez -- Mysteries of the El Cielo Biosphere / Antonio N. Zavaleta -- South Texas Reverie, a poem / Chip Dameron. ; https://scholarworks.utrgv.edu/regionalhist/1017/thumbnail.jpg

Jim Wells, George Parr, Pepe Martin, and Gene Falcón: the spirit of ''El Patrón'' along the Rio Grande of South Texas / Billy Hathorn -- The other underground railroad / Rolando Avila -- Frank Ellis Ferree, humanitarian / Norman Rozeff -- Chip Dameron's Rio Grande Valley: center of a narrowing universe / Ronny Noor -- Historia de la education superior en la ciudad de H. Matamoros, Tamaulipas / Miguel Sesis Botti y Maria Elena Flores Montalvo -- The quest for a public library for Brownsville / Anthony K. Knopp and Alma Ortiz Knopp -- Las Palomas Wildlife management area: a hidden natural jewel of the Rio Grande Valley / Noe E. Perez -- La Beulah: remembering the eye of the storm / Manuel F. Medrano -- Migracion en Matamoros: un laboratorio de la complejdad migratoria en la frontra Mexico-Estados Unidos / Cirila Quintero Ramirez -- Coyotes en accion: relatos de traficantes de migrantes en Reynosa / Oscar Misael Hernandez-Hernandez -- Border Walls, DREAMers and Trump: politics, policy and banality of evil / Terence M. Garrett and Paul J. Pope -- The social, political, and environmental forces contributing to the immigration crisis at the Texas-Mexico border / Mitchell A. Kaplan -- Las violencias sociales y la imparticion de la justicia en Valle Hermoso, Tamaulipas / Arturo Zarate Ruiz -- U.S.-Mexico border spillover violence 2010-2019 / Antonio N. Zavaleta -- La fiebre polca, a poem / Susana Nevarez Marquez. ; https://scholarworks.utrgv.edu/regionalhist/1016/thumbnail.jpg

Spanglish, a poem / Mario Barrera -- Place identity formation in the Lower Rio Grande Valley: the identity of Brownsville / Elim Zavala -- The complexity of land custody in 19th century deep South Texas / Eugene Fernandez -- Not in Kansas anymore: selling midwesterners the 'Magic Valley' of South Texas / Craig H. Roell with Ruth May Euler Roell -- Alexander Headley, public servant or scoundrel? / Norman Rozeff -- Rebels at the Rio Grande: naval actions on the international border in 1863 / Walter E. Wilson -- Matamoros en la época de la constitución de 1917 / Rosaura Alicia Davila -- Padre Island impression, a poem / Ralph Martin -- Cesar Chavez's Pan American College campus visit and its aftermath / Rolando Avila -- Brownsville's Ruben M. Torres in the midst of the Texas prison crisis / Noe E. Perez -- Eva Ybarra: siempre la reina / Manuel Medrano -- The recent history and unification of historical societies in Brownsville / Alma Ortiz Knopp and Anthony Knopp -- A history and bibliography of articles published in the UTB-UTRGV Studies in Local History series / Milo Kearney -- Dreamers, a poem / Manuel Fernandez Guzman Jimenez -- Viajes peligrosos: el tránsito de menores migrantes mexicanos por la frontera / Oscar Misael Hernandez - Hernandez -- Immigrant caging on the Texas-Mexico border / Antonio Noe Zavaleta and Mitchell A. Kaplan -- City of ghosts, a poem / Mario Barrera. ; https://scholarworks.utrgv.edu/regionalhist/1015/thumbnail.jpg

Corrupted, a poem / Tom Emrick -- Primal Matamoros : ancient refuge among the Estuaries of the Rio Bravo / Graig H. Roell -- U.S.-Mexico relations during the establishment of the American Consulate in Matamoros : 1826-1842 / Melisa C. Galvan -- Captain King's Cotton : the Civil War blockade-running adventures of Richard King and Mifflin Kenedy / Walter E. Wilson -- The sad saga of John V. Singer / Norman Rozeff -- Ulster and the Texas-Mexico Border : John McAllen and his family / Thomas Daniel Knight -- Joseph Kleiber and his letter press book / Anthony K. Knopp and Alma Ortiz Knopp -- Jose Agustin Quintero y Woodville : Confederate Special Agent / Jim Mills -- The Putegnat Family and J. P. Putegnat's escape from a Yankee prison / Tara Putegnat -- Putting the pieces together : the rhetoric of oral tradition in the Twentieth-Century Rio Grande Valley / Monica Reyes and Andy Najera -- President Emeritus Miguel A. Nevarez and the transformation of South Texas / Rolando Avila -- The history of Baseball in Brownsville / Manuel Gutierrez -- Reynosa's Iglesia Evangelica Esmirna and Pentecolism in Latin American / J. Steven Rice -- Spanish-speaking institutions and language assimilation in the Rio Grande Valley / Alexandre Couture Gagnon and Carlos Daniel Gutierrez Mannix -- English/Spanish flip/flop greetings in South Texas / Scott J. Bird -- Crimen organizado y migracion clandestine en Tamaulipas / Oscar Misael Hernandez-Hernandez -- The drug cartel and drug-related violence in Matamoros / Daniel Perales -- An assessment and an explanation of the recent violence in Tamaulipas, Mexico / Arturo Zarate Ruiz -- The Border Wall, a poem / Tom Emrick. ; https://scholarworks.utrgv.edu/regionalhist/1014/thumbnail.jpg

Vaqueros del Valle, a poem / Manuel Medrano – Matamoros and the Tejanos of Victoria and Goliad in the Texas Revolution: conflicting loyalties and 'Assiduous Collaborators' / Craig H. Roell – Antonio Canales Rosillo / James Mills – The origins of Salome Balli McAllen / Thomas Daniel Knight – Sally Skull: the legend / Sondra Shands – The Kawahata Family comes to the Valley / Randall Sakai – The Battle of Reynosa / Jesus Ramos – Los dias siguientes a la toma de Matamoros por los Constitucionalistas / Andres Cuellar – H-E-B: an American and Valley success story / Norman Rozeff – Algunas revistas culturales de Matamoros de 1940 a 1951 / Rosaura Alicia Davila – Valerio Longoria --- for a quarter a song / Manuel Medrano – Hometown hero: technical Sergeant Noe R. Gonzales, B-17 flying fortress radio operator / Noe E. Perez – Hidalgo County jury duty, 1954-1960 / Rene Rios – Little steps by giants: a story of two minority groups working together for racial equality in Edinburg, Texas / Marissa Marmolejo and Thomas De La Cruz – Timeless chaos: Hurricane Beulah's march through the Lower Rio Grande Valley, September 1967 / Fernando Ortiz Jr. – This one is for the masses: a (re)telling of South Texas and its people / Topacio Santivañez – Migrant children and safe houses in the Tamaulipas-Texas border region / Oscar Misael Hernandez-Hernandez – The inception of the idea of the University of Texas Rio Grande Valley / Peter Gawenda – Ephemeral Valley unity and the legislative creation of UTRGV / Anthony Knopp and Alma Ortiz Knopp – The newest university in the 21st Century: the challenges of creating UT-RGV / Michael L. Faubion – Attitudes toward immigration policy partisanship and ethnorace: a view from La Frontera / Jessica Lavariega Monforti and Adam McGlynn – Interview with Patricia Cisneros Young about South Texas tales: stories my father told me / Mimosa Stephenson – The transmigration of popular religion: praxis and renewal of syncretic faith across the U.S.-Texas frontier / Antonio Noe Zavaleta – Creating the Rio Grande Valley Civil War Trail / Roseann Bacha-Garza, Christopher L. Miller, and Russel K. Skrowonek – "Raspa man" a poem / Manuel Medrano -- Contributors ; https://scholarworks.utrgv.edu/regionalhist/1013/thumbnail.jpg

Frontera, a poem / Elvira Ardalani -- Strasbourg, Alsace, and Brownsville, Texas : ideal sister cities / Milo Kearney -- La concepcion de la identidad fronteriza en Jovita Gonzalez y Adela Sloss de Vento / Laura Garza -- Cuando se fundo Matamoros? / Andres F. Cuellar -- The formation and early development of the Llano Grande / Maria Vallejo -- Doño Rosa Maria Hinojosa de Balli and her family : a lower Rio Grande Valley family in an Atlantic perspective / Thomas Daniel Knight -- Clarksville : a forgotten community on the Rio Grande / Jim Mills -- The last battle of the Civil War / Norman Rozeff -- The Spanish Influenza epidemic in Brownsville, Texas, and Matamoros, Tamaulipas, Mexico / Jorge Hernandez -- El Puerto de Brownsville newspaper: the voice of the Mexican-American Community / Cipriano Cardenas -- McAllen's key contribution to the U.S. Cuban history / Oscar Sordo -- La amenaza de la Encefalitis y una visita presidencia a Matamoros en 1971 / Rosaura Alicia Davila -- Oscar Casares, frontera writer : a little more hope, a little less fear / Manuel Medrano -- Immigrant child, a poem / James Brandenburg -- Undocumented immigrants narratives : a view from the banks of the Lower Rio Grande / John A. Cook -- The tragedy of unaccompanied child immigrants to the U.S.-Mexico border 2014 / Antonio Noe Zavaleta Reid and Mitchell A. Kaplan -- Young, wild, and free : narratives de jovenes migrantes Mexicanos detenidos en el Valle de Texas / Oscar Misael Hernandez-Hernandez -- The recent violence in Matamoros : are we living next to a war zone? / Anonymous -- The humorous side of Brownsville Police work / Ruben Garcia and Anthony Knopp -- Bilingual college education at UTB : improvement student success in the Rio Grande Valley / Guadalupe Correa-Cabrera and Oralia de los Reyes -- The deaf community of Brownsville : site of controversy over language and identity / Mimosa Stephenson -- Antepasados, a poem / Janie Alonso. ; https://scholarworks.utrgv.edu/regionalhist/1012/thumbnail.jpg