Rebels of the South! It is better to die on your feet than to live on your knees. --Inscription dated April 11, 1919, one day after the assassination of Emiliano Zapata, carved on a post at the Borda Garden in Cuernavaca, seen by Frank Tannenbaum in1923. Peace by Revolution, An Interpretation of Mexico (New York, 1933), page179. Do not wear a shirt of eleven yards, for he who wants to be a Redeemer will be crucified. Guadalajara proverb, quoted in John Reed, Insurgent Mexico. 1914, page 78. Roots of Revolution focuses on the longstanding social and economic ills that caused society to disin
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The partisan press, 1801-1809 -- Republican printers : "immigrant scribblers" -- Federalist editors : "monumental columns" -- Election of 1800-1801 : anguish and triumph -- Tom Paine comes home, 1802 -- Louisiana Purchase : "this new, immense, unbounded world" -- Duel at Weehawken -- Assault on the judiciary -- The embargo and commercial warfare, 1807-1809 -- Jefferson and the press
The issue of professionalization of journalism and therefore of how to achieve professional standards has been of concern to journalists and to the general public for many years.1 In Latin America, one attempt at professionalization - the development of the colegio - has garnered some praise and has raised concerns about government control. Probably no issue in recent years concerning the Latin American press has aroused greater opposition or misunderstanding in the United States than the system whereby anyone must have a university degree in journalism and/or be a member of a colegio - a professional association - in order to practice journalism. Despite recent Supreme Court decisions in the Dominican Republic and Costa Rica against obligatory licensing by their colegios of journalists, the institution is gaining headway in Latin America as a whole. Opponents maintain that the colegio system imperils freedom of the press. But others assert it raises professional standards and increases salaries. The author of this study notes that colegios frequently uphold freedom of expression under dictatorial or military regimes, and that opposition by publishers to colegios seems to be based on economic rather than "free press" grounds.
The press, playing a vital role in the 1910 revolution, later helped topple its hero. Thus an unsympathetic press can fell democracies as well as tyrannies.
