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Aggression usually involves a sequence of behaviors, reflecting escalations and de-escalations in the form or intensity of the actions taken, which play out over time. This book provides a context in which social and biological research on the aggressive behaviors of human and non-human subjects, interacting in dyads or groups, can be compared and integrated. Implicit in this juxtaposition is the major question of whether general principles governing the dynamics of aggression within and between episodes may be discerned. Aggressive behavior is described at different levels of analysis in huma

Cover -- Half Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface: A New Beginning -- Introduction and Overview: Participatory Dynamics and the Promise of Black Electoral Politics -- Part I Coming of Age: Black Politics and Black Political Scientists -- Liberalism and Black Political Thought: The Afro-American Dilemma -- Black Presidential Strategies and Institutional Constraints -- Jacksonian Democracy-Black Style: Differing Perspectives -- White/Black Perceptions of the Electability of Black Political Candidates -- Electoral Politics, Affirmative Action, and the Supreme Court: The Case of Richmond v. Croson -- The Pioneering Books on Black Politics and the Political Science Community, 1903-1965 -- NCOBPS: Twenty Years Later -- Part II Black Mayoralties and the Maturation of the New Black Politics -- Big-City Black Mayors: An Overview -- Black Mayoral Leadership in Atlanta: A Comment -- Mayor of the Colony: Effective Mayoral Leadership as a Matter of Public Perception -- Black Political and Mayoral Leadership in Birmingham and New Orleans -- The Political Legacy of Harold Washington: 1983-1987 -- Mayoral Politics Chicago Style: The Rise and Fall of a Multiethnic Coalition, 1983-1989 -- Two Paths to Minority Empowerment -- Black Political Power in the City of Angels: An Analysis of Mayor Tom Bradley's Electoral Success -- The Politics of Detroit: A Look Ahead -- Mayor W. Wilson Goode of Philadelphia: The Technocrat -- Black Mayoral Leadership: A Twenty-Year Perspective -- Part III Black Politics in the 1990s: Looking Forward or Looking Back? -- Political Science and the Black Political Experience: Issues in Epistemology and Relevance -- The Problem of Preconceived Perceptions in Black Urban Politics: The Harold F. Gosnell, James Q. Wilson Legacy -- The Future of Black Politics: Substance versus Process and Formality

To test the hypothesized anger-mediated relation between maternal depression and escalation of physical discipline, 122 economically disadvantaged mothers were assessed for current and lifetime diagnoses of depression using the Current Depressive Episode, Past Depression, and Dysthymia sections of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID) and a measure of current depressive symptoms, the Beck Depression Inventory—Second Edition (BDI-II). Escalation of physical discipline was assessed using a video analog parenting task; maternal anger not specific to discipline was assessed using the Spielberger Trait Anger Expression Inventory. Reports of anger were associated with the diagnosis of depression and depressive symptoms. Bootstrap analyses of indirect effects indicated that the link between depression and escalated discipline was mediated by anger. Parallel analyses based on BDI-II scores identified a marginally significant indirect effect of depression on discipline. Findings suggest that anger and irritability are central to the putative link between depression and harsh discipline.

Objective: Problematic maternal alcohol use confers risk for child maltreatment, though the effect on specific aspects of parenting is unclear. This study examined concurrent and prospective links among maternal alcohol use history, care neglect, supervisory neglect, and harsh or inconsistent discipline. Method: Multimethod multisource data were utilized to assess deficient parenting in 311 economically disadvantaged mothers at high risk of child maltreatment. Structural equation modeling was used to test hypothesized relations. Results: Maternal history of alcohol use was associated with more inconsistent discipline and higher levels of subsequent supervisory neglect. Secondary analyses among two-parent families found that paternal substance misuse was associated with maternal care neglect and poor supervision. Conclusions: Among low socioeconomic status families, maternal alcohol use increases the risk of inconsistent discipline and inadequate supervision. Inconsistent discipline may also lead to punitive parenting practices. Given the potential effect of paternal substance use on maternal parenting, findings highlight the importance of screening all caregivers for substance use in child welfare and research contexts to clarify when and how to intervene most effectively.

To understand the effects of neglectful parenting, poor supervision, and punitive parenting in the development of children's aggression, 218 children ages 4 to 8 years who were disadvantaged and their mothers were recruited from two states to develop a sample that was diverse with respect to degree of urbanization and ethnicity. Multimethod and multisource indices of the predictive constructs (Social Disadvantage, Denial of Care Neglect, Supervisory Neglect, and Punitive Discipline) and the criterion construct (Aggression) were used in a test of a theoretical model using structural equation modeling. The results established the role of care neglect, supervisory neglect, and punitive parenting as mediators of the role of social disadvantage in the development of children's aggression, the importance of distinguishing between two subtypes of neglect, and the need to consider the role of discipline in concert with neglect when attempting to understand the parenting in the development of aggression.