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The processes of development and functioning of the State in the context of its security
certainly have to be considered not only in a multisectoral perspective, but
also in the perspective of the so-called "longevity," the effects of which are perceived
in a broader sense. Capturing the essence of the described phenomena, the
regularities of which have a universal dimension, is crucial for research. It is impossible
to envisage a future, also in terms of security, without dialogue with the past.
The history of Poland does not coincide with a simple series of events substantiating
contemporary conditions or confirming confidence in the victory of historical
justice. In this context, the question of historical conclusions regarding the "nature"
of the Polish state and its future remains relevant. The assessment of strategic
directions of the Polish security policy, seen through the prism of rich (over a thousand)
years of experience proves that the creation of new assumptions of the national
security system without considering the conclusions drawn from history may
constitute a deficient concept, comprising incomplete or even erroneous recommendations.

The growth of aware citizenship and activeness in non-governmental organizations, is an unquestioned success of the recent political and economic evolution of Poland, also in national security and defense domains. In particular Polish youth is attracted most to those fields of citizen activity, and the growth of nongovernmental and paramilitary youth organizations is a clear evidence of that. Even the initial research results have proven that the activity of such non-government youth defense organizations as "Strzelec" or the Academic Legion brings positive results. It must be also mentioned that military classes in secondary schools and military training for academic students contribute to that. The experience gained from those programs is a significant component of the conception of voluntary military service for the National Reserve Forces, and the creation of the citizen-based form of defense system, parallel to the regular military service system. Such solutions are already implemented in among others Scandinavian countries, in which National Guard has the legal form of a non-governmental organization and works more as an association. ; Jakub Siemiątkowski

The article focuses on the issues concerning the essence of the security and freedom, as far as the security environment is concerned and regarding the roles to be played by key entities, i.e. states. The historical perspective is shown, focusing on the approaches by respective philosophers. Further, the globalization and information revolution issues are described as the factors/ tools of influence. On one hand it is about to disseminate modern technologies, improving management methods and ways of finance, but on the other hand it is about to create new challenges and threats for security both in military and non-military realm. On this backdrop the author stresses, that the democracy cannot be considered only in terms of a system of institutions but also as a phenomenon of culture which implies the dominance in the public life of certain values and in consequence behavior in the political life also in relation to security issues.

Publikacja recenzowana / Peer-reviewed publication ; Właściwym do zapewnienia powszechnej i przestrzennej gotowości obronnej państwa, a jednocześnie realizacji zadań w ramach obrony kolektywnej Sojuszu, jest system obronny, dysponujący efektywnym potencjałem odstraszania w którym ważne miejsce zajmuje obrona terytorialna, włączona w proces powszechnego wychowania i szkolenia wojskowego młodzieży, szkolenia rezerw, wsparcia lokalnych społeczności i układu pozamilitarnego w działaniach zapewniających ochronę ludności i mienia w sytuacji zaistnienia kryzysu (militarnego lub niemilitarnego), a w okresie wojny i ewentualnej okupacji prowadzenia ochrony i obrony ważnych obiektów i rejonów na całym terytorium kraju, współdziałania z wojskami operacyjnymi oraz wsparcia, a także elementami układu pozamilitarnego. ; In order to provide effective, universal and spatial defense of the Polish State, and at the same time to carry out the collective defence tasks of the Alliance, it is indispensable to create a defense system with an effective deterrence potential. Effective defence requires effective coordination between the military and other state institutions. Territorial Defence as a component of a genuinely effective, modern military structure – included in the process of universal youth education and training, Polish Army reserve training, support to local communities and non-military cells in the event of a crisis (military or non-military), and during the war and possible occupation, protection and defence of important facilities and areas throughout the territory of the country, cooperation with regular operational units, and support units and civilian defence and defence structures, provide an effective and up-to-date defence of both military and non-military threats to national security.

Polish membership in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization is a key element of Poland security as intrinsically one of the three pillars of the external security of Poland alongside the European Union and the strategic partnership with the United States. Poland is so constantly and keenly interested in its strengthening, so each NATO summit is an opportunity to hold discussions on the condition of the Alliance. Differences in the assessment of the overall situation and the perception of security priorities had an impact on the decisions which were made during the last NATO Summit in Warsaw. Summit took place not only in the shadow of the threat posed by the self-proclaimed Islamic State of Iraq and Syria but before all the events in Ukraine.