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Cooperation across borders requires both knowledge of and understanding of different cultures. This is especially true when it comes to the law. This handbook is the first to comprehensively present selected legal cultures based on a very specific set of structural elements which can be found in all such cultures. Legal cultures are a product of and impacted by certain fundamental and commonly shared ideas on and expectations of the law. In all modern societies these ideas are to a certain degree institutionalized or at least embedded in institutionalized practices. These practices determine the way lawyers are educated and apply the law, how they engage with the ongoing internationalization of law and what kind of values they adhere to. Looking at these elements separately enables the reader to identify similarities and differences and to explain them contextually. Understanding these general features of legal cultures can help avoid misunderstandings or misinterpretations of foreign law and its application. Accordingly, this handbook is a necessary starting point for all kinds of legal comparative studies conducted by academics, students, judges and other legal practitioners.

Cooperation across borders requires both knowledge of and understanding of different cultures. This is especially true when it comes to the law. This handbook is the first to comprehensively present selected legal cultures based on a very specific set of structural elements which can be found in all such cultures. Legal cultures are a product of and impacted by certain fundamental and commonly shared ideas on and expectations of the law. In all modern societies these ideas are to a certain degree institutionalized or at least embedded in institutionalized practices. These practices determine the way lawyers are educated and apply the law, how they engage with the ongoing internationalization of law and what kind of values they adhere to. Looking at these elements separately enables the reader to identify similarities and differences and to explain them contextually. Understanding these general features of legal cultures can help avoid misunderstandings or misinterpretations of foreign law and its application. Accordingly, this handbook is a necessary starting point for all kinds of legal comparative studies conducted by academics, students, judges and other legal practitioners.

The changes in communication technology have hugely increased the interaction over geographical distances; hence given rise to new kinds of social relations in need of legal regulation by transnational law law valid across the jurisdictional borders of the nation state, and applied within. Law is therefore no longer mainly a national matter, and without an understanding of different legal cultures, the perception of the contemporary legal order will be incomplete. In the present era of internationalisation of law, the purpose of applying legal culture as an analytical tool is, in short, to make different notions of law and how law operates in society understandable to such an extent that they do not form obstacles for cooperation. This approach to legal culture takes it out of a purely academic setting and into the legal world outside the ivory tower. This means taking legal culture out of books and into action. This book aims at supplying the reader with tools to operationalize legal cultural knowledge in the everyday operations of law. In other words, the book you hold in your hands right now is produced with the ambition of managing the unmanageable concept of legal culture, and by this making it applicable when deciding the content of law