Suchergebnisse

1 Stimulating One's own Creativity -- 2 The Transistor -- Early Semiconductor Research -- The Bell Laboratories Program -- Preparations for the Transistor Announcement -- Patent Precautions -- The Transistor Announcement -- The Benefits -- From Surface States to Solid State -- The Double-Dimple Transistor -- Transistor Applications -- Leaving the Beaten Track -- 3 Electronic Music -- Musical Tones -- Harmonic Analysis -- The First Electric Organ -- The Early Days of Radio -- Radio and Electronic Music -- Electronic Developments -- Pitch Stabilization -- Doctoral Research -- The Formant Concept -- Visible Speech -- Formants and Hallformanten -- Engineering Thesis -- The Baldwin Electronic Organ -- Church Organists' Views -- Formants and Pipe Organ Mixtures -- Several Electrical Musical Analogues -- Electronic Door Chimes -- Radar and High-Frequency Loudspeakers -- Modern Electronic Music -- 4 Lasers -- The Laser -- Laser Fundamentals -- The Metastable State -- The Two-Step Process -- Gas Lasers -- Semiconductor Lasers -- Alignment -- Distance and Length Measurements -- Lasers in Machine Tool Applications -- Interferometric Detection of Footprints -- Lasers in the Supermarket -- Drilling and Welding Applications -- Identification -- Fabric Cutting -- Medical Applications -- Communicating with Light -- Video Disks -- Laser Fusion -- Interdisciplinary Innovation -- 5 Traits -- Help for the Young -- The Value of Praise and Encouragement -- The Value of Creativity for Children -- Other Traits of Creative Youngsters -- Interest in Problems -- Chess-Playing Traits -- Chess Problem Composing -- Computer Chess -- Music -- Religion -- Authorship -- Age -- Needs -- 6 Waveguides -- Early Radio Transmission -- Microwave Waveguides -- The Waveguide as a Transmission Medium -- Phase and Group Velocities -- Long-Distance Transmission -- Millimeter Wavelengths -- The Circular Electric Mode -- Recent Field Tests -- Waveguides and Coaxial Cables -- Dielectric Waveguides -- Metallic Dielectric Waveguides -- Electron Bunching -- Bunchers and Catchers -- Ideal Bunching -- Klystrons -- Velocity Modulation of Waves -- Radar Breakdown Problems -- Wave Coding -- Corrugated Sound-Wave Waveguides -- Pulse Compression Tests -- Chirp -- Natural Waveguides -- Underwater Waveguides -- The SOFAR Channel -- SOFAR Localization -- Nonexplosive Acoustic Uses -- Acoustic Atmospheric Waveguides -- Waveguide Junctions -- Tee Junctions -- Hybrid Junctions -- The Magic Waveguide Junction -- 7 Lenses -- Velocity Focusing -- A Constant-Thickness Lens -- The Metal Plate Lens -- Stepped Lenses -- Radio Relay -- Foamed Dielectric Lenses -- Wider Bandwidth Needs -- Born's Light Wave Analysis -- The First Artificial Dielectrics -- Sphere and Disk Dielectrics -- Strip Lenses -- The Transcontinental Relay -- The Bell Transcontinental Circuit -- High Refractive Power Lenses -- Path Length Lenses -- Lenses for Loudspeakers -- Microwave Lenses for Sound -- 8 Communications Satellites -- The First Rockets -- The Intercontinental Missile -- The Reentry Problem -- Sputnik -- Initial U.S. Reactions to Sputnik -- Explorer I -- Apollo 11 -- Communications -- Communications and the Space Program -- Orbiting Satellites -- Geostationary Satellites. -- Domestic Satellites -- Direct Broadcast Satellite -- 9 Why Invent? -- Wherewithal -- Renown -- Helping Others -- Eminence -- The Fraternity of Doers -- 10 Radar -- Early History -- The British Beginnings -- The U.S. Beginnings -- Radar Fundamentals -- The Plan Position Display -- The A-Scope Display -- Fire Control Radars -- Other Forms of Military Radar -- Doppler Radar -- Radars for Cars -- Circular Polarization -- An Aircraft-Versus-Submarine Machiavellism -- 11 Holography -- Gabor's Interdisciplinary Skill -- Holography Fundamentals -- Making a Hologram -- The Complete Hologram Process -- The Hologram of a Scene -- Parallax in Holograms -- Single-Wavelength Nature of Holograms -- Nonoptical Holograms -- Microwave Holograms -- Microwave Holograms and Liquid Crystals -- Ultrasonic Holograms -- Underwater Viewing -- Earth Exploration -- Phase Quadrature -- Laser Holography -- Three-Dimensional Holography -- Information Content -- The Concept of Phase in Holography -- Synthetic Aperture Radar -- Two Recent Holography Developments -- Gabor's Clairvoyance -- 12 Picturephone -- Visible Speech -- Real Time Sound Analysis -- The Real Time Analyzer -- From Analyzer to Picturephone -- Transmission Cost -- The Experimental Movie -- The First Picturephone -- The Permanent Record Form -- The Announcement to the Press -- Additional Background Information -- Press Reaction -- The Move to Higher-Quality Pictures -- The First Commercial Service -- The Future -- Peroration.

Optical Realization of a Foucault-Hilbert Transform -- Materials and Devices for Coherent Optical Computing -- Information Processing in Optical Systems of Holographic Memory Devices -- Generation of Asymmetric Interference Fringes in Reflected Light -- Noise in Coherent Optical Information Processing -- Informational Capacity of Coherent Optical Processing Systems -- Extensions of Synthetic Aperture Radar Information Processing -- Controlled Transparencies for Optical Processing -- Kinoform Optical Elements -- Acoustooptic Signal Processing -- Some Peculiarities of Physical Realization of Operation Optical Memory -- Non-Coherent Optical System for Processing of Images and Signals -- Optical Logic and Optically Accessed Digital Storage -- Nonlinear Optical Processing -- Optical Foundations of Digital Communication and Information Processing -- The Information Content of Optical Diffraction Patterns -- Holographic Memories -- Biographies of Authors -- Author Index.

This is the second volume on "Optical Information Processing" within the scope of the US-USSR Science Cooperation Program co­ sponsored by the US National Science Foundation and the USSR Acad­ emy of Sciences Siberian Branch. Volume I was published in 1976, also by Plenum Press, and con­ tained the papers presented by a group of US and USSR scientists at the First US-USSR Science Cooperation Seminar "Optical Informa­ tion Processing" held at the US National Academy of Sciences in Washington, D. C. from 16 to 20 June 1975. The seminar was followed by a series of visits to US scientific research laboratories and universities, to which the visiting USSR scientists were escorted bv Dr. W. E. Kock and Dr. G. W. Stroke. The visits included Bell Laboratories, IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Laboratory and M. I. T. , as reported in detail in the FOREWORD of Volume I. Volume II now presents the papers presented by another group of US and USSR scientists, some having participated in the first seminar: this series of papers was presented at the Second US-USSR Science Cooperation Seminar on "Optical Information Processing" held at the USSR Academy of Sciences Siberian Branch Institute of Auto­ mation and Electrometry in the famous "science city" of Akademgorodok, near Novosibirsk in Siberia, USSR from 10 to 16 July 1976.

Two Challenges to Holography: 1. Holographic Electron Microscopy; 2. Speckle-Free Illumination -- The Holographic Emulsion Layer as a Three-Dimensional Recording Medium -- 3-D Construction of Imaginary Objects by the Method of Holographic Stereogram -- Optical Aperture Synthesis Producing High Resolution Photographs by Incoherent Superposition of Low-Resolution Partial-Frequency Range Component Photographs -- Imaging with Low-Redundancy Arrays -- Correction of Lens Aberration by Holography -- Optical Transfer Function Measurement by Holographic Techniques -- Applications of Classical Theory of Interferometry to Holography -- Holography Using an Extended Spatially Incoherent Source -- Application of Holographic Interferometry to Mechanical Experiments -- Experimental Aspects of Holographic Interferometry -- Pulsed Laser Holography with TEMoo Mode Ruby Lasers -- Application of Non-Linear Hologram to Interferometry -- Digital Picture Processing and Holography -- Computer Synthesis of Holograms and Spatial Filters -- Pattern Classification Using Correlation with Random Masks — an Optical PAPA Device -- Correlation Techniques by Holography and Its Application to Fingerprint Identification -- Optical Image Deblurring Methods -- Real Time Image Processing -- Radar and Microwave Applications of Holography -- Acoustical Holography -- Proposed Applications of Holographic Technique to the Optics of the Eye and Vision Research -- A High Capacity Holographic Storage System -- Author Index.