Suchergebnisse

Tertiary educational institutions increasingly are relied upon for sustainable development initiatives. This policy research note analyzes newly available data regarding seven key dimensions of 295 transnational sustainable development projects involving US universities. Comparative regional analysis of the projects profiled in the APLU/AAU database indicates that US universities engage in substantially fewer development projects in Central/Eastern Europe and the Middle East relative to other regions in the South. Further, these projects tend to be short term in duration, with a smaller proportion continuing to be active in 2011 and beyond. Donors or other external sources tend to be the principal impetus for projects in both regions, rather than campus faculty members. The findings suggest that one path to increasing higher education development initiatives in the Middle East and Central/Eastern Europe would center on providing opportunities and incentives for faculty at US and overseas partner institutions to build transnational contacts that lead to joint proposal initiation and submission. The future policy implications of these research findings highlight the importance of increased funding by government agencies, international organizations, NGOs, foundations and corporations for sustainable development projects undertaken through transcontinental higher education linkages of ten years' duration or longer. By expanding direct awards to higher education institutions for collaborative transnational initiatives, donors can further empower universities to address sustainable development challenges of the twenty-first century.

At present, progress in mitigating global GHG emissions is impeded by political stalemate at the national level in the United States and the People's Republic of China. Through the conceptual lenses of multilevel governance and framing politics, the article analyzes emerging policy initiatives among subnational governments in both countries. Effective subnational emission-mitigating action requires framing climatic-stabilization policies in terms of local co-benefits associated with environmental protection, health promotion, and economic advantage. In an impressive group of US states and cities, and increasingly at the local level in China, public concerns about air pollution, consumption and waste management, traffic congestion, health threats, the ability to attract tourists, and/or diminishing resources are legitimizing policy developments that carry the co-benefit of controlling GHG emissions. A co-benefits framing strategy that links individual and community concerns for morbidity, mortality, stress reduction, and healthy human development for all with GHG-emission limitation/reduction is especially likely to resonate powerfully at the subnational level throughout China and the United States.

Few Decisions exert a greater impact upon the polity and the pattern of public policy-making than those defining the nature of the political system itself. Transitions from military to civilian rule constitute a dramatic type of institutional change which is encountered with increasing frequency in the Third World. One type of 'planned withdrawal' initially involes little alteration in the distribution of power. This approach, which has been employed in Zaïre and Ethiopia, typically yields new nomenclature – for example, the military ruler assumes the title of civilian head of state – and a political structure dominated by a single individual and/or party, closely tied to the same ideology embraced by the military predecessors.

AbstractThis article is concerned with effective local government participation at the project selection stage in the development planning process. The context for analysis is Nigeria's first experience with local involvement in national planning. A novel evaluation scheme is elaborated and applied in assessing the proposals submitted by two local governments, Kaduna and Bauchi, for inclusion in the Fourth National Development Plan. The findings reveal serious distortions in both local development plans and demonstrate the utility of employing an uncomplicated multidimensional impact analysis scheme in the evaluation and selection of project proposals.

Von Local Governments erarbeitete Projekte sind erstmals in den 4. Nationalen Entwicklungsplan (1981-1985) aufgenommen worden. Am Beispiel von Projekten der Local Governments von Kaduna und Bauchi sollen sinnvolle und für Entwicklungsländer unkompliziert anwendbare Beurteilungsrichtlinien vorgestellt werden. Bloße Zuordnung von Projekten zu einigen wenigen Sektoren sei ungenügend, vielmehr müßte multidimensional vorgangen werden. Die zugrundliegende Absicht ist die Abschätzung der Sozialfolgen. Gefragt wird nach den primären Zielen; nach Nebenwirkungen öffentlicher Investitionen; nach den hauptsächlichen Nutznießern; nach der örtlichen Ansiedelung der Projekte. Die Projekte beider Local Governments weisen danach erhebliche Abweichungen von entwicklungspolitischen Zielen auf, sie sind bislang deutlich am Personal orientiert. Wirksame Beteiligung der Öffentlichkeit bei der Projekterstellung und -auswahl brächte andere Projekte hervor. (APAF-Glz)

The distribution of land-use rights both defines and shapes African political economy. Control over land can be utilised in various ways to accumulate capital for either autonomous or comprador investments in the domestic economy. The acquisition of official titles to land concomitantly affords the holder opportunities to exploit those who do not possess this valuable resource. For these reasons, command over land offers the state a powerful means of regulating access to the dominant class. This study focuses on the ways in which allocations of statutory certificates of occupancy have affected the on-going process of class formation in two northern States of Nigeria: Kano and Bauchi. We are particularly interested in identifying, through information collected from a sample of application files, those elements of the population who were admitted and denied access to the dominant class through the land-allocation process during the late military-rule period, 1976–9.

Landbesitz hat erhebliche Bedeutung für sozialen Aufstieg. Untersuchung der Frage, inwieweit staatliche Landzuteilung den stetigen Prozeß der sozialen Klassenbildung beeinflußt haben (am Beispiel der beiden Bundesstaaten Kano und Bauchi in Nord-Nigeria). Besondere Aufmerksamkeit wird denjenigen gewidmet, denen es trotz Landbesitz nicht gelang, in eine höhere soziale Klasse aufzusteigen