Suchergebnisse

Abstract  This study aims to clarify the effects of sibling configuration on both current and prospective coresidence of married male household heads with their older mother or mother‐in‐law. Multinomial logit analysis is applied to the data from the 1985 national household survey conducted by the Institute of Population Problems in Tokyo. The analysis is restricted to those heads whose mother and mother‐in‐law are both aged 60 or older and who do not live or plan to live with both mothers.The results of multinomial logit analysis of current living arrangements show a positive effect of the head's eldest‐son status on coresidence with his mother and a positive effect of the wife's eldest‐daughter status (in the absence of brothers) on coresidence with her mother, which supports the Heir Priority Hypothesis. The positive effects of the wife having older brothers or older sisters on coresidence with the head's mother also supports this hypothesis. On the other hand, the negative effects of the head having younger brothers or younger sisters and the wife being the youngest child, as well as the positive effect of the wife being the oldest child, on coresidence with the head's mother seem to support the House Crowding Hypothesis.The results of multinomial logit analysis of plans for future living arrangements, controlling for the current living arrangements, also show a similar (positive) effect of the head's eldest‐son status on planned coresidence with his mother, supporting the Heir Priority Hypothesis. The reversed effect of the head having younger sisters on planned coresidence with his mother seems to be consistent with the Gender Role Crowding Hypothesis.

Résumé KojiMA (Hiroshi), Rallu (Jean-Louis). - La fécondité au Japon et en France La fécondité était peu différente au Japon et en France entre 1975 et 1985, mais la baisse a été ensuite plus importante au Japon avec des niveaux inférieurs à 1,5 naissance par femme depuis 1993. L'étude de la fécondité à partir de données d'état civil et d'enquêtes, et d'indices basés sur les probabilités de naissance par rang, montre que la baisse de la fécondité au Japon a résulté de la baisse de la nuptialité jusqu'au milieu des années 1980 mais consiste aussi depuis lors en une baisse de la fécondité dans le mariage. À la différence de la France, on n'observe pas au Japon d'augmentation de la fécondité hors mariage et la récupération des naissances retardées est restée peu importante jusqu'au début des années 1990. Le développement de la fécondité hors mariage et à des âges avancés se heurte à diverses contraintes culturelles et économiques. C'est, au contraire, grâce à ces nouveaux comportements que la France conserve une fécondité assez élevée sur la base d'une infécondité des générations encore assez faible.

Abstract  This study aims to explain similarity and difference in geographic proximity between elderly parents and their children in Korea and Japan. Using data sets from two nationally representative surveys conducted in Korea and Japan, this study examines the extent to which needs and kinship of elderly parents and regional constraints influence intergenerational coresidence and nearness.Results highlight a complex feature of intergenerational relationship in Korea and Japan. Advanced economic and health conditions of Korean elderly parents increase the likelihood of living with children. For Japanese elderly parents, however, coresidence with children is significantly likely to occur in response to their disadvantaged economic status. These results suggest that the elderly Korean are more likely than the elderly Japanese to lack not only economic and health resources but also opportunities in obtaining family support in a time of need.Characteristics of children, however, show a similar trend between the two societies. Both societies maintain a strong son preference for extended family living arrangement. Eldest children in both societies are more likely than their siblings to live with or near elderly parents. However, children of younger cohorts in both societies are significantly more likely than those of older cohorts to maintain a disperse geographic network indicating a significant change in family attitude among different cohorts.Finally, this study finds a more disperse family network among rural elderly parents than urban elderly parents in both societies reflecting the fact that massive rural‐to‐urban migration of young population has contributed to geographic segregation of kinship in these societies.