Suchergebnisse

Розглянуто питання щодо оцінки видів та форм землеустрою в Україні, яка дозволить забезпечити раціональне планування та оптимізацію структури землеволодінь та землекористувань. Ключові слова: землеустрій, види землеустрою, форми землеустрою, земельні відносини, документація із землеустрою. ; Transformations which take place now in the the economy of Ukraine, and in particular in agriculture considerably exacerbated organizational and legal problems and organizational and territorial forms of local agricultural enterprises, protection of land ownership rights. Transformation of land relations violated the the traditional forms of organization of agricultural production, reduced the efficiency of capital investmenst in improvement of using and protection of land.Therefore, to improve the efficiency of agricultural land use in conditions of formation of market economy, general urgent of time is an in-depth analysis of the types and forms of land use which have found their consolidation at the legislative level.Land management is carried out throughout the country. It enveloped lands irrespective of unequivocal purpose, ownership and the character of using. But goals and objectives of land management, it's content may be different. An important feature of land management are and it's types. The current Land Code of Ukraineas the the Law of Ukraine "On Land Management" don't contain legislative provisions on division of land management for certain types. Meanwhile, it should be noted, that normative and legal acts on land management of the Soviet period (Fundamentals of land legislation of the USSR and the United Republics 1968). Land codes 1978., 1990, 1992 there are two separate types of it - intereconomic (Modern terminology of A.M. Tretyak - territorial) and internaleconomic. Modern practice of the actions in the field of land management as evidenced by about the existence of another and a third type of land management – separational. Each of them is characterized by a specific purpose, carried out at different levels. It would therefore be appropriate, hat separate species of land management und their consolidation and in legislation level.Given that the process of implementation of land management for the object of land relations and cadastral accounting taken land plot, made sharing of agricultural land, where the owners of land shares allocated of land ownership, land use system, especially agricultural enterprises, significantly changed. All this has caused the emergence of a new type of territorial land management, which is aimed, especially in agriculture and environmental protection, on the organization of land use of legal entities and citizens, on the basis of combining of land plots, that being at different property rights. Therefore, should provide as a type of land management territorial planning of land ownership, land use, whose task is the formation of their territory, as is the case in developed foreign countries.Concerning intraeconomic land management, that under current conditions it's explanation is somewhat different in new approaches to the regulation of land relations and the introduction of land use administration.Introduction of notion of land management forms will help to improve the structure and content of land management documents, and therefore the quality of tools of improvement of land-use planning at different hierarchical levels.Keywords: land use, land use types, forms of land management, land relations, land management documentation.

Обґрунтовано економічну сутність понять інновації та інноваційної діяльності у сфері землеустрою. Сформульовано поняття інновація та інноваційна діяльність у сфері землеустрою.Ключові слова: інновація, інноваційна діяльність, землеустрій, інноваційна економіка. ; Transformation processes that take place at the present stage in Ukraine's economy, connected with the formation of innovative development model, which is directly based on obtaining of the new scientific results and their technological implementation in production, зproviding a real GDP increase is mainly due to the production and sale of high technology products. It is characterized by the presence of government policy and legislation designed to stimulate of innovation processes, the prevalence of intellectual nature of work on industrial and integrated technologies. Therefore, in performing the tasks to ensure the dynamic development of the economy's primary role is played by innovation and innovation activities.Innovative economy (knowledge economy, intellectual economy) – type of economy based on innovation stream, on constant technological improvement, in manufacturing and exporting of high technology products with a high added value and themselves technologies. It is assumed that this is mainly income creates intelligence of innovators and scientists, information sphere, rather than material production (industrial economy) and not the concentration of finance (capital).Innovative Economy includes six main components: education; science; human capital, including high quality of life and highly qualified specialists; innovation systemthat includes legislative framework and material components of the innovation system (technology transfer centers, business incubators, technology parks, technopolises, innovation centers, clusters, territory of development of high technology venture business etc.); innovative industry that implements innovations; favorable environment of functioning of scientific and educational system, work and life of innovators.The number of major components of an effective innovation economy in land management can be reduced to four: high-quality scientific and educational system in the broad definition; effective innovation system; an effective system of activity in sphere of land management, is able to produce innovative products; favorable environment for research and educational system.In the field of scientific innovation activities model of innovative land management should offer, first of all, capitalization of new knowledge and land use. Branch to a lesser extent should focus on inclusion directly in structure of implementing pilot projects of land management and more – to stimulate interaction with the application and the market launch of scientific and technological developments, generate in this direction new approaches, that play a role of of communication center in the chain «Science – real market of high technologies use and protection of land and other natural resources».Keywords: innovation, innovation activity, land management, innovative economy.