Assessment of heavy metal release into the soil after mine clearing in Halgurd-Sakran National Park, Kurdistan, Iraq
In: Environmental science and pollution research: ESPR, Band 26, Heft 2, S. 1517-1536
ISSN: 1614-7499
3 Ergebnisse
Sortierung:
In: Environmental science and pollution research: ESPR, Band 26, Heft 2, S. 1517-1536
ISSN: 1614-7499
INTRODUCTION: Since the first published cases of the Coronavirus disease known as COVID-19 in the city of Wuhan Hubei Province in China, up until to the time of preparation of this report in mid-September 2020, more than 30 million people have been infected all over the world. In March 2020, more than 300,000 cases have been reported all over Iraq. This study aims to represent data analysis, modelling and forecasting approaches to the presented data in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Methodology: The project involves mathematical models for forecasting and artificial simulations using particles. In the study, time series models including Simple Exponential Model, Holt's Method and Brown's Models have been used for the forecasting of the future potential rates in the area. A series of simulations have been conducted to observe the possibilities of virus spread rates in a virtual world which represents a quarter of Erbil. Results: The outcome of the study shows how the disease have spread in Kurdistan, and what are the current rates to compare with neighbour regions. The modelling clearly shows that with cases still sporadically appearing, the risk of second and third waves of infections is high. Conclusions: Therefore, the regional government must reduce unnecessary gatherings to the lowest possible level. A scientific registry system of disease statistics must be put in place and rigorously updated all the times. We recommend the officials use a nationwide database provided to the public to monitor movement of every infected individual, to prevent further spread.
BASE
In: Environmental sciences Europe: ESEU, Band 32, Heft 1
ISSN: 2190-4715
Abstract
Background
Due to the large surface area of green-synthesized TiO2@CuO@Chromite nanocatalysts (NCs) and accumulations of bioactive phytochemicals on its surface, it was used for an efficient and safe synthesis of nitriles and also an environmentally friendly process of water treatment. For the first time, a rapid, economic, one-pot, solventless and safe protocol is presented for ecosynthesis of TiO2@CuO@Chromite nanocatalysts (NCs) to efficient, ligand-free and solventless synthesis of aromatic nitriles through the cyanation of aldehydes at room temperature. Furthermore, the eco-NCs were used as a potent adsorbent for physical and biological treatment of sewage waters collected around the natural and residential area of northern parts of the Soran city in Iraq at room temperature.
Results
The structural elucidation of the NCs using the SEM (scanning electron microscopy), Cross-sectional EDS (electron dispersive spectroscopy), elemental mapping analysis, XRD (X-ray diffractions) and BET (Brunauer–Emmett–Teller) for detection of specific surface area of eco-NCs confirmed the formation of NCs with a large surface area. Application of green TiO2@CuO@Chromite NCs in solventless synthesis of aromatic nitriles shows high efficiency, time saving, economical aspect and ecofriendly and safe methodology. Also, the treatment process of sewage waters monitored using UV–Vis double beam spectrophotometer, optical microscopy and antibiogram tests demonstrated an efficient ability for the eco-NCs in physical and biological treatment of sewage samples.
Conclusions
The NCs employed in both ligand and solventless highly efficient and safe synthesis of aromatic nitriles through the cyanation of aldehydes at room temperature demonstrated the production of aryl nitriles in very good-to-excellent yields. This protocol indicated a green alternative to the existing methods since the reaction proceeds in solventless medium in the absence of any ligand and organic solvent with simple work-up procedure, low temperature, higher yield and shorter reaction time. Further, it was used in the physical and biological treatment of the real samples of sewage waters collected around the natural and residential area of northern parts of Iraq at room temperature, which shows a very good treatment ability in this process.