Suchergebnisse

Zsfassung in engl. Sprache

Der Verfasser skizziert die geopolitischen und wirtschaftlichen Besonderheiten des Kurgansker Gebietes, das vor allem von Maschinenbau und landwirtschaftlicher Produktion bestimmt ist. Was die soziale Situation der Bevölkerung betrifft, so liegen die Kennziffern unter denen des russischen Mittels. Probleme ergeben sich durch die Migranten- und Flüchtlingsströme aus den benachbarten GUS-Staaten. In den folgenden Abschnitten wird die politische Parteienlandschaft charakterisiert, die sich bis 1994 ergeben hat. Die Kommunistische Partei kann auch für die kommende Wahlperiode als stärkste Kraft der Region gelten; ebenso scheint die LDPR - wie allerdings auch die linken und Reformkräfte - ihre Position stabil halten zu können. (BIOst-Rgl)

Der Autor stellt die Frage, ob es in Rußland einen "roten" oder "rot-braunen" Gürtel gibt, oder ob das unterschiedliche Wählerverhalten, wie es bei den Dumawahlen Ende 1995 zu Tage trat, lediglich das Resultat verschiedener Proportionen hinsichtlich der Bevölkerung großer und kleiner Städte sowie von Dörfern ist. Inwieweit wird das Verhalten des russischen Wählers von der jeweiligen regionalen Kultur bestimmt? Um diese Fragen zu beantworten, teilt der Verfasser die bei den Parlamentswahlen im Dezember 1995 kandidierenden Parteien und Wahlblöcke in vier Gruppen auf und untersucht deren Wahlergebnisse im Hinblick auf regionale Schwerpunkte und Besonderheiten. (BIOst-Mrk)

Der Parteienpluralismus, der seit einigen Jahren in Rußland herrscht, gilt für die verschiedenen Regionen nicht im gleichen Maße wie für die Zentren. Die personelle Struktur der Parteien ist so angelegt, daß die Wählerschaft sich nur an wenigen Führungspersönlichkeiten ausrichtet. Der Einfluß der großen Parteien wird kurz charakterisiert, und der Verfasser erstellt im folgenden zwei Szenarien für die Entwicklung des russischen Mehrparteiensystems. Einerseits ist die weitere Etablierung der beiden großen Lager - Reformer und Konservative - möglich, andererseits ist eine Parteienlandschaft denkbar, die weniger ideologisch festgelegt, dafür aber an regionalen Gegebenheiten orientiert ist. Einfluß und Perspektiven der Parteien sowie die Mitgliederzahlen werden u.a. aus den beigegebenen Tabellen deutlich, ergänzt durch ausführliches Kartenmaterial. (BIOst-Rgl)

The forms, political and other factors of the dynamism of spatial boundaries are considered in the light of modern approaches in border studies. One of borders' paradoxes lies in their inertia and at the same time high and increasing dynamism. It led to the creation of the concept of bordering, that is, the constant change in the functions and regime of borders, their significance for public opinion under the influence of political institutions, the practice of cross-border interactions and the international political and economic situation. The dynamism of the system of borders is determined by the increase in their number and length, reflecting the fragmentation of the world political space at all levels, the growing diversity of types of modern polities and the differences between them. In particular, the number of small states and, accordingly, the number of pairs of state borders are multiplied. The limited niche that small countries are forced to occupy in the international division of labor, as a rule, requires a specific regime (high openness) of borders and the delegation of part of sovereignty to other political actors. Large differences between polities, different ratios of kinds and the level of sovereignty results in the diversity and variability of the functional types of borders. Multilevel processes of integration and regionalization provoke an active redistribution of functions between state and other borders. Border issues are inseparable from the increasingly dynamic evolution of territorial identities, in particular, under the influence of international migration. Finally, the dynamism of borders is associated with their use as a tool for managing social and political processes. The configuration, functions and regime of borders, the asymmetry of cross-border flows are both a mirror and a factor of power of neighboring states and regions.

The crisis of statehood in many countries has resulted in the emergence of non-recognized states that have become an intrinsic feature of the world geopolitical order. Using the concept of bordering, we study a specific type of border that was shaped in the course of state-building processes and conflicts with parent states. Some "de-facto borders" are not stable; in addition, non-recognized states often do not control all their declared territory. Looking in detail at the situation in six non-recognized republics in the post-Soviet space, we show the asymmetry of their borders with the parent state and with the external patron. Comparing the basic socio-economic indicators by regions, we conclude that non-recognized states still lag far behind both their parent and their patron state. Citizens of non-recognized republics regularly visit border areas of the patron and parent states and spend a considerable part of their income there. This can contribute to the normalization of relations between adversaries, but at the same time can perpetuate the separation between them. The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly increased the barrier functions of the borders with parent states.

AbstractRussia has the largest number of neighbours in the world, with 16 different countries distributed along its more than 20,000 km land border. The diversity of situations in border regions offers an opportunity to study and to compare the influence of historical, cultural and geopolitical factors on the economic development of border regions, everyday life of population and interactions with the neighbours. The paper summarizes the results of recent projects devoted to Russian borderlands. It is based on the concept of bordering and a study of social practices. All Russian borders are analysed as a single system. The authors consider the impact of the 2014 crisis in Ukraine and the following geopolitical events on cross‐border interactions of Russian border regions and analyse the effects of border location on the development of Russian regions. A special attention is paid to the combined influence on bordering of both "hard," "material" (the demographic situation, the territorial pattern of settlements and economy, etc.) and "soft" factors (the role of a border in territorial identities, political discourses and the perception of a neighbouring country, etc.). The fragmentation of the border space and the increasing asymmetry of socio‐economic indicators and cross‐border interactions between neighbouring territories are shown.

This paper aims to study how geopolitical shifts affect regional economies and their structures. Border functions and regimes act as tools for the economy and society to adapt to the redistribution of political influence, movements of people, goods, capital and information between integration associations, individual countries and their cores. A changed environment may slow down the development of some industries (and even cause them to decline) and give a boost to others, with these two processes constituting economic restructuring. In the exclave of Kaliningrad, heavily dependent on international trade and transit trade with mainland Russia, geopolitical changes have naturally had an exceptionally strong effect. The relationship between border functions and economic restructuring was investigated over four periods. The study utilised data from Rosstat and the Federal Customs Service, departmental statistics and findings from expert interviews conducted by the authors. The extent and direction of changes are assessed by examining the ratios between major economic sectors, the structure of foreign trade relations, and the volume and sectoral distribution of investments. Four main ways are identified in which the sharp increase in the barrier nature of the borders between the Kaliningrad region and neighbouring countries since 2014 and especially February 2022 has influenced the region's economy. The significance and effectiveness of the agro-industrial complex have risen, with an increased focus on domestic tourism, and the adoption of advanced public administration practices in collaboration with businesses. This includes implementing mechanisms such as Free Economic Zones and industrial parks, along with a shift towards proactive measures to adapt to the changing environment.