Suchergebnisse

1. The new geopolitics -- 2. The northern front -- 3. The southern front, or the emergence of an Asian Sahara -- 4. The dust of the invasion -- 5. Ecology plus ... -- 6. The westward advance -- 7. Almost a Christmas story -- 8. Zones of ecological interest.

The article considers the phenomena of unified and plural rationality, and hence the possibility or its absence to unify experience, culture, politics, economics, etc. To illustrate the problem, it is suggested to consider the differences between the modern and postmodern eras. It is attempted to deduce the ontological basis of cultural differences and the dynamics of knowledge develop- ment in general. Author of the article reflects upon contemporary challenges related to the instability of the state of knowledge, and propose possible solutions of modern social and philosophical problems on the basis of phenomenology. ; У статті розглядаються феномени уніфікованої і плюральної раціональності, а відтак можливості чи не можливості уніфікації досвіду, культури, політики, економіки тощо. Задля унаочнення проблеми пропонується розглянути розбіжності епохи модерну і постмодерну. Робиться спроба вивести онтологічний ґрунт культурних розбіжностей і динаміки розвитку знання загалом. Осмислюються сучасні виклики, пов'язані з неусталеністю стану знання, і пропонуються проєкти розв'язання сучасних суспільних і філософських проблем на засадах феноменології.

The article is devoted to some of the teaching strategies based on the peculiarities of belles-lettres text. The author of the article analyses the peculiarities of the belles-lettres text which exert influence on the process of teaching reading skills and thus should be taken into account by foreign language teachers in their work with this type of text. The author argues that teaching belles-lettres reading skills should be centered on the five-level communication process between writer and reader. The teacher's aim is to create or adjust a system of reading instruction within the five levels so that he/she could improve students' reading skills. In the article, it is stated that the process of teaching reading skills should be congruent with the process of interpersonal communication between writer and reader. The author outlines the content of the teacher's approach to the work with this type of text within the process of foreign language instruction. The author describes two approaches to teaching belles-lettres reading skills as well as shows the prospects for the subjective approach. He also states high productivity and effectiveness of the subjective approach in teaching foreign languages. The article shows the importance of involving students who specialize in sciences into the process of belles-lettres reading while studying a foreign language for specific purposes.

The article is devoted to some strategies aimed at involving the reader into the writer's book by means of making the reader's attitude to its content personal or subjective. In the article it is stated that there are two components which are intrinsic to virtual intercourse between writer and reader. One of the components is the content of the writer's publication while the other is the reader's attitude towards the content suggested. The article shows that the reader's attitude encompasses two processes: the process of self-estrangement from the writer's content and the process of self-involvement into it. In the article, the author analyses these two processes in relation to the content of the book. In the article, the author singles out and gives descriptions of such dimensions of the book's content as its topical and emotional dimension, its depth, human nature dimension and interpersonal relations dimension as well as of strategies used by the writer in order to involve the reader into his writings. The author argues that a successful strategy is based on managing to touch the reader to the quick, i.e. his or her subjectivity, and the result of successfulness can be measured by the reader's readiness and willingness to sink into one of the dimensions suggested. The author of the article comes to the conclusion that signs of the successful strategy can be traced in the reader's return to the intercourse with the writer when he or she rereads the writer's books, repeats or makes references to words, situations or ideas suggested or described by the writer who has grasped the reader's attention in one or several content dimensions.

The article is devoted to personality intercourse between writer and reader in Belles-Lettres. The intercourse between the self of the writer and the self of the reader realizes itself in the processes of writing and reading belles-lettres texts that serve as specific mediators between the two selfs. The article shows the free and personal nature of the intercourse. In the article, the author singles out and gives descriptions of stages/levels of involvement into belles-lettres personality intercourse. The author distinguishes five conventional stages: superficial or shallow stage, contradiction or conflict stage, identity or emotional stage, transcendental stage and supersensitive stage. Degree of openness of selfs to each other and degree of willingness on the part of the participants to express their own selfs serve as criteria of separating one stage from another. Degree of openness of selfs to each other is represented as a degree of the reader's openness to the writer's influence. While degree of willingness to express one's own self is perceived as a degree of the writer's or reader's readiness to reveal their self. The author argues that at each stage of intercourse its participants demonstrate a different degree of their involvement into it, which leads to misinterpretations of texts on the part of the reader and on the whole to misunderstanding between the reader and writer. The reader's transition from one stage to another can have a gradual character. However, the reader's transition to the writer's stage of intercourse can also be instantaneous, which depends on the reader's individual ability of perception as well as the writer's skill. The author of the article comes to the conclusion that understanding or misunderstanding between writer and reader as well as different interpretations of the writer's belles-lettres work by the reader lie at different stages in a degree of the reader's involvement into the intercourse suggested to him/her by the writer. In cases when both parties find themselves at one and the same stage of personal involvement the intercourse between them results in agreement of the written text and its interpretation by the reader. Thus, the writer acquires their readership while the reader discovers the writer who responds to his/her individuality.

This article describes critical stage in the history of development of Canadian conservatism in 1990-s, when Progressive Conservatives under leadership of Kim Campbell, Jean Charest and Joe Clark struggled for power during the general elections of 1993, 1997 and 2000. The author draws attention to the general election campaigns of Conservatives, as well as their attempts to reorganize the party, and re-write the program principles. In the article it is noted that Canadian conservatism is an essential part of world-wide social and political ideology. ; Статья посвящена переломному этапу в истории развития канадского консерватизма, посвященному борьбе прогрессивных консерваторов за власть на всеобщих выборах 1993, 1997 и 2000 гг. под руководством К. Кэмпбелл, Ж. Шаре и Дж. Кларка. Автор уделяет внимание особенностям избирательных кампаний консерваторов, их попыткам реорганизации партии и пересмотра своих программных установок. В работе подчеркивается, что канадский консерватизм является частью общемировой общественно-политической идеологии.

The article is devoted to intercourse between the writer, the character and the reader, their roles in the process, the characteristics and nature of interpersonal relations between them. The author describes the two types of interpersonal relations: manipulative intercourse and communicative intercourse. Manipulative intercourse is looked upon as a process of depriving one participant of their individuality by the other. Special attention is paid to the nature, sources, and differences between these types of relations, their manifestation in belles-lettres, ways of transforming communication into manipulation.