Suchergebnisse

Como resultado de la globalización de la economía china, y en concreto la adhesión de China a la Organización Mundial de Comercio, el régimen chino de los derechos de propiedad intelectual (DPIs) se ha transformado considerablemente. La regulación jurídica de los DPIs en principio proporciona una protección fuerte de tales derechos. Mientras los expertos en DPIs han estado centrando su atención en reforzar la regulación jurídica de los DPIs de China y los titulares internacionales de DPIs han reconocido que las reglas de los DPIs chinos en la práctica a menudo no se cumplen, ninguno de ellos toma en consideración la economía política de los DPIs en China. Este artículo sostiene que, como señala la evolución del derecho de patentes, la política industrial, que intenta promover el desarrollo económico, es la lógica detrás de la evolución del régimen de los DPIs chinos.Palabras clave: ADPIC, China, propiedad intelectual, derecho internacional económico, solución de controversias.Abstract: As a result of going-global of China's economy, particularly its accession to the WorldTrade Organization, the Chinese intellectual property rights (IPR) regime has undergone a remarkable transformation. The IPR laws in principle provide for strong protection for IPRs. While IPR experts have been focusing on the enforcement of China's IPR laws and international IPR holders have spotted that Chinese IPR rules are often ignored in practice, they both ignore the political economy of the IPR in China. This paper argues that, as the patent law evidences, industrial policy, which aims at promoting economic development, is the logics behind the evolution of China's IPR regime. It further notices a phenomenon, i.e. the emergence of an IPR strategy, which also stems from the same logics. It is further noted that, while the ongoing phenomenon, might have a bearing on the IPR regime, the political economy will drive China's IPR regime forward to a state that the West is now championing.Keywords: TRIPS, China, intellectual property rights, international economic law, international dispute settlement.

Modeling online discourse dynamics is a core activity in understanding the spread of information, both offline and online, and emergent online behavior. There is currently a disconnect between the practitioners of online social media analysis -- usually social, political and communication scientists -- and the accessibility to tools capable of examining online discussions of users. Here we present evently, a tool for modeling online reshare cascades, and particularly retweet cascades, using self-exciting processes. It provides a comprehensive set of functionalities for processing raw data from Twitter public APIs, modeling the temporal dynamics of processed retweet cascades and characterizing online users with a wide range of diffusion measures. This tool is designed for researchers with a wide range of computer expertise, and it includes tutorials and detailed documentation. We illustrate the usage of evently with an end-to-end analysis of online user behavior on a topical dataset relating to COVID-19. We show that, by characterizing users solely based on how their content spreads online, we can disentangle influential users and online bots.

The underutilization of primary care in urban China threatens the efficiency and effectiveness of the Chinese health system. To guide patient flow to primary care, the Chinese government has rolled out a sequence of health care reforms which improve the affordability, the infrastructure and workforce of the primary care system. However, these measures have not yielded the desired effect on the utilization of primary care, which is lowest in urban areas. It is unclear how the factors identified to influence facility choice in urban China are actually impacting choice behaviour. We conducted a discrete choice experiment to elicit the quantitative impact of facility attributes when choosing a health care facility for first visit and analysed how the stated choice varies with these attributes. We found that the respondents placed different weights on the identified attributes, depending on whether they perceived their condition to be minor or severe. For conditions perceived as minor, the respondents valued visit time, equipment and medical skill most. For conditions perceived as severe, they placed most importance on equipment, travel time and facility size. We found that for conditions perceived as minor, only 14% preferred visiting a facility over opting out, a percentage which would more than double to 37% if community health centres were maximally improved. For conditions perceived as severe, improvements in community health centres may almost double first visits to primary care, mostly from patients who would otherwise choose higher-level facilities. Our findings suggest that for both severity conditions, improvements to medical equipment and medical skill at community health centres in urban China can effectively direct patient flow to primary care and promote the efficiency and effectiveness of the urban health system.