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AbstractDrug use among Latino youth in the United States is a persistent problem which has been examined from a variety of academic disciplines, including psychology, sociology, and social work. These share significant overlap with mainstream criminological approaches to explaining delinquency and drug use, which have virtually ignored these issues or investigated them exclusively from an ethnocentric perspective. The naturally multidisciplinary topics of Latino youth, culture, and drug use can be readily situated within two popular frameworks (social control and strain), and these can also be enriched with core aspects of Latino culture. Complimentary cultural values enhance these two perspectives and significantly contribute to our criminological understanding of some of the reasons why Latino youth become involved in drug use. After reviewing our current knowledge on this subject, suggestions are made for ways future criminological research can more deeply explore these rich cultural reasons related to why some Latino youth use drugs. This can ultimately help inform more relevant drug use reduction strategies and also decrease the proportion of Latino youth who come into contact with the criminal justice system for drug‐related offenses.

"Black families and the Recession in the United States goes beyond the massive loss of property among African Americans during the Great Recession of 2007-2009. It connects the housing experience to broader systems of inequality in America. Following the Great Recession of 2007-2009, the U.S. elections of 2008, the impact of COVID -19, and widespread demonstrations resulting from the murder of George Floyd by police; the socio-political and economic status of Blacks in the U.S. is at a critical point in history with demand for major transformation. The authors reveal a history of racist practices against Blacks in many systems, including education, policing, incarceration, wealth transmission, voting restrictions, and housing segregation. The social costs of the recession are manifested in the daily lives of African American families. In addition to financial losses, African Americans are more likely to be plagued with issues related to poverty, chronic illnesses, and lack of trust of social and economic institutions. Research, policy and practical implications of this research include identifying social and economic supports unique to African Americans and determining strategies to strengthen families; paramount to addressing racial disparities. The interdisciplinary focus of this book appeals to a wide audience and areas of study"--

Most adults processed through local correctional facilities report symptoms consistent with substance use disorder and there is growing interest in bail reform to reduce or eliminate financial conditions as a requirement for release from detention in local jails. These practices are endorsed for their ability to reduce jail populations and enhance judicial efficiency, but failure to appear in court has become a major area of concern under these new procedures. The current study examined the associations between substance use disorder, financial release conditions, and failure to appear in court in the context of a naturalistic study of bail reform in one judicial district. Multivariate logistic regression results demonstrate significantly higher odds of failure to appear in court among adults with substance use disorder who received a nonfinancial release from jail. Findings suggest bail reform initiatives must address substance use disorder and provide person-centered services during the pretrial release period to become effective.

Considering the increasing frequency and magnitude of natural and human-made disasters, it is becoming more important to understand human responses to these events, including the ways they influence substance use. The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Service Administration has recently acknowledged that the prevention and treatment of substance use disorders must be incorporated into disaster preparedness, response, and recovery, but there is a scarcity of empirical information related to how these approaches should be undertaken. This article provides an overview of prior work in this area to inform a broad, but nuanced research agenda. That agenda is organized according to key findings and various strategies that can identify, measure, and assess substance use in various stages of the life cycle of a disaster. We conclude with recommendations for policies that can enhance the research in this area while also informing the development of practices to monitor substance use disorders related to various disasters.

The incarcerated population in the United States is disproportionately African American and many inmates are parents of children under the age of 18. Recent reports show that African American children were significantly more likely than White children to have a parent in prison. Emerging research has also begun to investigate some of the effects that parental incarceration can have on children, but little has focused exclusively on the population of African American youth. This study draws on the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health to examine how having a father, a mother, or both parents incarcerated may be associated with an array of adverse life circumstances (i.e., criminal justice contact, drug use, and depression) for African American children. Differences were examined among children who had (a) an imprisoned mother, (b) an imprisoned father, (c) both parents imprisoned, and (d) neither parent imprisoned. Results indicated that having different parents imprisoned early in life was differentially associated with negative outcomes during emerging adulthood. These findings have important implications for the development of prevention and intervention programs for African American children of incarcerated parents.

The rapid rise in opioid use has recently contributed to several pressing concerns, including an unprecedented number of fatal overdoses, a marked increase in treatment admissions, a spike in emergency department visits, and a significant proportion of adults who test positive for opioids at the time of arrest. The majority of arrestees who test positive for opioids after being booked into jail also report prior engagement with a substance use treatment program, highlighting the need to address posttreatment substance use and involvement in the criminal justice system. The current study was conducted to untangle the posttreatment substance use–arrest relationship and better understand how one may influence the other. Analyses conducted with 396 adults, drawn from a nationwide sample of patients seeking treatment for opioid use disorder, demonstrated that posttreatment arrest increased the likelihood of substance use, but the evidence suggested that this relationship was not reciprocal. These results have significant implications for criminal justice practices with regard to using alternatives to arrest as methods to minimize posttreatment substance use.

Parental monitoring serves as a key element in the reduction of adolescent substance use, but little is known about how various monitoring practices relate to different levels of use. This study examined the association between two forms of parental monitoring (parental knowledge and parental supervision) and two substance use outcomes (alcohol and marijuana) for Hispanic and non-Hispanic White eighth graders using the Arizona Youth Survey (n = 11,703). Results demonstrated that parental supervision and parental knowledge protected against alcohol and marijuana use for both ethnic groups, but tests for ethnic differences indicated that parental supervision was more protective against high levels of marijuana use for White youth compared to Hispanic youth. Gender differences were also observed with girls benefitting more from both forms of monitoring compared to boys. However, these effects were dependent on the level of substance use involvement and the substance use outcome.