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The introduction to the thematic issue devoted to philosophical sciences reveals the concept that unites all the articles published therein. Philosophical topics are developed by Russian scientists in different cities, scientific organisations and universities. One of the most famous in the modern philosophical world is the Institute of Philosophy of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The thematic philosophical issue contains articles by authors from this famous philosophical institute. However, not only Moscow School is presented in this issue, but no less famous St. Petersburg and Ural Schools of Philosophy also have their scientific representatives. Krasnoyarsk philosophers are represented by works related to philosophical methodology and historical and philosophical perceptions in modern culture. At present, Russian humanities refer to philosophy as a metatheory that provides the most effective methodological and conceptual approaches not only for the social sciences and humanities, but also for modern natural science and technological discoveries

The opening speech of the editor of the next issue of the Siberian Federal University Scientific Journal presents the main ideas that unite articles by different authors into a single, integral issue. The editor considers the conceptual and methodological foundations of the authors, highlights the main ideas and makes conclusions on the prospects of scientific themes

The article discusses methodology of ancient natural science based on the analysis of the fragment 29cd from Plato's "Timaeus" and Comments on this fragment, which were written by Proclus Dyadochus. Particular focus is on the Plato's views on science as "plausible myth", "probable narration", εἰκότα μῦθον. The authors also consider the concept of διάνοια, "dianoetic virtue" in the "Nicomachean Ethics" by Aristotle and Aquinas' Comments on fragments of the"Nicomachean Ethics" where "dianoetic virtues" are examined. Scientific and medical treatises of the great ancient physician Claudius Galen are defined in this article as universal standard of scientific knowledge. The second chapter of the Galen's Treatise "Περι των Іπποκράτογς και Πλατωνος δογματων" is seen in more detail so that the main constituents of the Galen's scientific method get a full coverage

The article reveals conceptual problems of the formation of the concept of "complex identity" in modern humanities based on the analysis of foreign and Russian studies. In scientific history, the conceptual definition of the notion emerged in the last third of the 20th century in sociology and social psychology, however, since the beginning of the 21st century it received further development due to the interdisciplinary research, which allowed scientists to identify complex forms of identity in a dynamically developing world. At the beginning of the 21st century, the interest in identity as a cultural problem increased and it became necessary to study it in the context of modern culture and intercultural relations. Culturological problems allow us to combine existing ideas into a conceptual definition of the concept of "complex identity" and to prioritize research in accordance with modern socio-cultural relations

The article provides a selection of studies on the problem of developing languages for the mutual description of migrants and the host society. The authors consider the problem, on the one hand, through the prism of heterogeneity of the language for describing migrants in the host society, and on the other, through the absence of legitimate representatives of migrants representing them in the dialogue with the Russian society. It offers a point of view on the reasons for the dominance of ethnic discourse in the description of migrants and the migration situation, and wide pluralism in the use of ethnic categories in describing migration. It is shown that migrants do not participate in the development of rhetoric of organisations recognised by the authorities as their legitimate representatives. The article raises the question about the formation of new representatives of migrant groups, whose legitimacy is based not on powers delegated by the authorities, but on recognition by horizontal communities. It is assumed that, on the basis of the network representations, a mechanism is being formed for the humanisation of the image of migrants through the return of subjectivity in communication with the host society

The article dwells on the growing Islamic factor in Eastern Siberia, namely in Krasnoyarsk Krai. Neither area has ever been a Muslim territory, and Muslims still make up a minority in these regions. Starting from the 1970's–1980's, the number of Muslims living in Eastern Siberia has been growing, and so has their influence on the processes occurring in the Eastern Siberian economy, politics, and culture. There isn't a single Muslim ummah in Krasnoyarsk Krai. The Muslim groups living there differ by ethnic origin. The main reason behind the increase in the Muslim population in Krasnoyarsk Krai is active labor migration from ex-Soviet countries in Central Asia and the South Caucasus. As the number of labor migrants continues to grow, it may trigger Islamophobia and increase migrant-phobia and xenophobia in the area. On the other hand, as their population grows, Eastern Siberian Muslims are likely to develop their own set of political interests which they will want to see catered to. One way or another, unless there is special political management in place taking these issues into account, the chances of ethnic and religious tensions in society will only keep growing. Another worrying thing is that radical Islamists also infiltrate Eastern Siberia as part of labor migration. Modern-day Muslim communities are gradually changing the social, demographic, and cultural face of urban communities in Eastern Siberia. DOI:10.5901/mjss.2016.v7n1s1p194

"Tao Te Ching" by Lao Tzu has a worldwide cultural significance. There are different national traditions of studying of this treatise. The current importance "Tao Te Ching" is that the text contains the basic concepts of traditional Chinese culture. In Russia, the "Tao Te Ching" is analyzed about 200 years. This article discusses various aspects of dialectics wei 為 and wu wei 無為, contained in the treatise of Lao Tzu Tao Te Ching . Aspects of wu wei 無為 found in most of the chapters of the treatise 'Tao Te Ching'. In the Tao Te Ching Lao Tzu says about the special spontaneous activity 'make non- action.' Dialectics wei 為 and wu wei 無為 is the foundation of the political doctrine of the Far Eastern civilization , Chinese civilization. Philosopher and writer Leo Tolstoy had understanding the evolution of concepts of Tao and wu wei 無為. Leo Tolstoy was the first translator and publisher of Lao Tzu Tao Te Ching in Russian. Over 30 years he studied the Tao Te Ching , and came to the conclusion that the essence of Taoism is the essence of Christianity . Based on the ideas of Leo Tolstoy, we can build the interaction between Christianity and Taoism. DOI:10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n5s2p119

The article dwells on the growing Islamic factor in Eastern Siberia, namely in Krasnoyarsk Krai. Neither area has ever been a Muslim territory, and Muslims still make up a minority in these regions. Starting from the 1970's–1980's, the number of Muslims living in Eastern Siberia has been growing, and so has their influence on the processes occurring in the Eastern Siberian economy, politics, and culture. There isn't a single Muslim ummah in Krasnoyarsk Krai. The Muslim groups living there differ by ethnic origin. The main reason behind the increase in the Muslim population in Krasnoyarsk Krai is active labor migration from ex-Soviet countries in Central Asia and the South Caucasus. As the number of labor migrants continues to grow, it may trigger Islamophobia and increase migrant-phobia and xenophobia in the area. On the other hand, as their population grows, Eastern Siberian Muslims are likely to develop their own set of political interests which they will want to see catered to. One way or another, unless there is special political management in place taking these issues into account, the chances of ethnic and religious tensions in society will only keep growing. Another worrying thing is that radical Islamists also infiltrate Eastern Siberia as part of labor migration. Modern-day Muslim communities are gradually changing the social, demographic, and cultural face of urban communities in Eastern Siberia. DOI:10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n6s7p143

The article studies the problems of cultural identity under the conditions of modern global transformations. Approaches of foreign and Russian researchers are analysed presenting both negative and positive assessment of hyperdynamism of modern development in terms of personality formation. The article provides the analysis of the phenomenon of 'culture historicising', which reflects the importance of turning to the origins in order to overcome the problem of alienation, loneliness, increasing gap with the past and loss of the continuity of generations. The theory of compensation and the theory of memory are considered herewith as they offer specific cultural forms of history representation and play an important role in the formation and maintenance of the ethnocultural identity

This article discusses the features of the emergence and strengthening of social ties in the studies of Russian scientists and their foreign colleagues. The main emphasis is made on the research studying these processes in the modern information environment. For a complete insight of the issue, the concepts of "social ties" and "information environment", as well as their featuring in monographs and scientific articles are studied in the article. The article summarises domestic and foreign studies in this area regarding migrants and indigenous peoples. The features of the formation of social ties with relatives living remotely and fellow countrymen living in the same environment are specified. The features of expanding social ties through mobile phones and Internet communications are emphasised

The article discusses the postcolonial (i.e. post‐Soviet) transformations that have occurred among Central Siberia's indigenous groups. Ethnic identification processes among the Central Siberian Evenks, in particular, were on the rise during the Soviet period. The ethnic communities of Evenkia are now undergoing active stratification, with the emergence of a political elite known as "professional aborigines." This political elite is more likely to include people with mixed backgrounds residing in urbanized settlements rather than pure Evenks living a nomadic lifestyle. "Professional aborigines" have clearly identifiable economic interests characteristic of the post‐Soviet market economy, including high corruption rates identified with so‐called "state capture."