Abstract. During the last earthquakes in Turkey, reinforced concrete structures in the cities and masonry structures in the rural part were exposed to damage and failure. Masonry houses such as earthen, brick and stone structures are composed of building blocks with weak inter-binding action which have low tension capacity. Bending and shear forces generate tensile stresses which cannot be well tolerated. In this paper, the performance of masonry structures during recent earthquakes in Turkey is discussed with illustrative photographs taken after earthquakes. The followings are the main weakness in the materials and unreinforced masonry constructions and other reasons for the extensive damage of masonry buildings. Very low tensile and shear strength particularly with poor mortar, brittle behaviour in tension as well as compression, stress concentration at corners of windows and doors, overall unsymmetry in plan and elevation of building, unsymmetry due to imbalance in the sizes and positions of walls and openings in the walls, defects in construction such as use of substandard materials, unfilled joints between bricks, not-plump walls, improper bonding between walls at right angles etc.
WOS: 000432327500006 ; Seafood is one of the most important components of a healthy diet due to its composition. With the Black, Marmara, Aegean and Mediterranean Sea, Turkey has substantial sources of seafood. Seas are highly impacted by environmental pollution. Among these, heavy metal pollution has long been recognized as a serious problem for seafood. As heavy metals cannot be degraded, they are deposited, assimilated or incorporated in water, sediment and aquatic animals. By these properties, they can be transferred to humans through the food chain especially by the consumption of fish and shellfish. The aim of this study is to determine the concentrations of Cd, As, Pb and Hg levels in selected fish species and marine animals from all of the 4 seas of Turkey by using the ICP-MS technique, and to compare the results with the legislations safe limits. For this purpose, 13 different fish species, mussels and shrimps have been obtained from the Black, Marmara, Aegean and Mediterranean Seas. According to the results, metal concentrations decrease in the order As>Pb>Hg>Cd. In all the seas, the same order was found. Statistically significant differences were observed in the metal levels between fish species and the shellfish in all regions. Except for the two samples, all the results was found compatible with the Turkish Food Codex and European Commission Regulation limits. Arsenic levels were detected between 0,076-4,230 mg/kg within the samples. Cadmium levels were detected as higher than the limits in two samples obtained from the Mediterranean Sea, Scophthalmus maximus and Mullus barbatus species as 0,076 mg/kg and 0,064 mg/kg, respectively. The highest and the lowest levels of mercury and lead were measured as 0,005-0,405 and 0,015-0,405 mg/kg, respectively. The results obtained from this study revealed that, except for a few cases, the selected heavy metal concentrations in most samples were below the limits. Also, besides the mussels and the shrimps, there was no single type of fish that was consistently high in all metals. The examined seas and the seafood were found to be safe for human consumption.
ΔΕΝ ΥΠΑΡΧΕΙ ΠΕΡΙΛΗΨΗ ; Seafood is one of the most important components of a healthy diet due to its composition. With the Black, Marmara, Aegean and Mediterranean Sea, Turkey has substantial sources of seafood. Seas are highly impacted by environmental pollution. Among these, heavy metal pollution has long been recognized as a serious problem for seafood. As heavy metals cannot be degraded, they are deposited, assimilated or incorporated in water, sediment and aquatic animals. By these properties, they can be transferred to humans through the food chain especially by the consumption of fish and shellfish. The aim of this study is to determine the concentrations of Cd, As, Pb and Hg levels in selected fish species and marine animals from all of the 4 seas of Turkey by using the ICP-MS technique, and to compare the results with the legislations safe limits. For this purpose, 13 different fish species, mussels and shrimps have been obtained from the Black, Marmara, Aegean and Mediterranean Seas. According to the results, metal concentrations decrease in the order As>Pb>Hg>Cd. In all the seas, the same order was found. Statistically significant differences were observed in the metal levels between fish species and the shellfish in all regions. Except for the two samples, all the results was found compatible with the Turkish Food Codex and European Commission Regulation limits. Arsenic levels were detected between 0,076-4,230 mg/kg within the samples. Cadmium levels were detected as higher than the limits in two samples obtained from the Mediterranean Sea, Scophthalmus maximus and Mullus barbatus species as 0,076 mg/kg and 0,064 mg/kg, respectively. The highest and the lowest levels of mercury and lead were measured as 0,005-0,405 and 0,015-0,405 mg/kg, respectively. The results obtained from this study revealed that, except for a few cases, the selected heavy metal concentrations in most samples were below the limits. Also, besides the mussels and the shrimps, there was no single type of fish that was consistently high in all metals. The examined seas and the seafood were found to be safe for human consumption.
Abstract. The aim of this paper is to report on an experimental study about Turkish Earthquake Code on suggested strengthening method. The proposed method uses existing brick infill walls and the strengthening is done with the application of external mesh reinforcement and plaster. 5 nonductile 1/2 scaled, one bay, two storey RC specimens were tested under a reversed cyclic loading. The first two specimens were reference specimens and the other ones were strengthened with the proposed method. The specimens contained several design and construction mistakes such as low concrete quality and improper steel detailing. Strength, stiffness and storey drifts of the test specimens were measured. The results of the test on these frames were compared with the reference specimens. The effects of the reinforced mesh plaster application for strengthening on behaviour, strength, stiffness, failure mode and ductility of the specimens were investigated. Unexpected failure modes were observed during the testing and the results were summarized in this paper.
Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) is used to treat more than 60 diseases worldwide and has drawn growing interest. Little is known about the current situation of TPE activity in Turkey, so we developed a survey to obtain information about this timely topic. We collected data on TPE from 28 apheresis units throughout Turkey. We performed a total of 24,912 TPE procedures with 3203 patients over the past decade. Twenty years ago, the majority of procedures were performed for neurological and hematological disorders, and today, most TPE procedures are done for the same reasons. The only historical change has been an increase in TPE procedures in renal conditions. Currently, renal conditions were more frequently an indication for TPE than rheumatic conditions. Fresh frozen plasma was the most frequently used replacement fluid, followed by 5% albumin, used in 57.9% and 34.6% of procedures, respectively. The most frequently used anticoagulants in TPE were ACD-A and heparin/ACD-A, used with 1671 (52.2%) and 1164 (36.4%) patients, respectively. The frequency of adverse events (AEs) was 12.6%. The most common AEs were hypocalcemia-related symptoms, hypotension, and urticaria. We encountered no severe AEs that led to severe morbidity and mortality. Overall, more than two thirds of the patients showed improvement in the underlying disease. Here, we report on a nationwide survey on TPE activity in Turkey. We conclude that there has been a great increase in apheresis science, and the number of TPE procedures conducted in Turkey has increased steadily over time. Finally, we would like to point out that our past experiences and published international guidelines were the most important tools in gaining expertise regarding TPE. ; C1 [Korkmaz, Serdal] Univ Hlth Sci, Kayseri Training & Res Hosp, Dept Hematol, Kayseri, Turkey. ; [Medeni, Serife Solmaz] Univ Hlth Sci, Bozyaka Training & Res Hosp, Dept Hematol, Izmir, Turkey. ; [Demirkan, Fatih] Dokuz Eylul Univ, Dept Internal Med, Div Hematol, Fac Med,HCT Unit, Izmir, Turkey. ; [Besisik, Sevgi Kalayoglu; Dadin, Senem Altay] Istanbul Univ, Istanbul Fac Med, Dept Internal Med, Div Hematol, Istanbul, Turkey. ; [Cagliyan, Gulsum Akgun; Hacioglu, Sibel Kabukcu; Sari, Ismail] Pamukkale Univ, Dept Internal Med, Div Hematol, Denizli, Turkey. ; [Sahin, Deniz Goren] Istanbul Bilim Univ, Sch Med, Dept Hematol, Istanbul, Turkey. ; [Sahin, Deniz Goren; Arat, Mutlu] Sisli Florence Nightingale Hosp, Stem Cell Transplantat Unit, Istanbul, Turkey. ; [Dagdas, Simten; Ozet, Gulsum] Ankara Numune Training & Res Hosp, Dept Hematol, Ankara, Turkey. ; [Kutlu, Nermin; Akyol, Tulay Karaagac] Hacettepe Univ, Sch Med, Therapeut Apheresis Unit, Ankara, Turkey. ; [Ozcebe, Osman Ilhami] Hacettepe Univ, Sch Med, Dept Hematol, Ankara, Turkey. ; [Teke, Hava Uskudar] Eskisehir Osmangazi Univ, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, Div Hematol, Eskisehir, Turkey. ; [Unal, Demet Kiper; Guner, Naile; Payzin, Bahriye] Izmir Katip Celebi Univ, Ataturk Training & Res Hosp, Dept Hematol, Izmir, Turkey. ; [Tombak, Anil] Mersin Univ, Fac Med, Dept Internal Med, Div Heamatol, Mersin, Turkey. ; [Celik, Halil] Mersin Univ, Fac Med, Dept Internal Med, Mersin, Turkey. ; [Bay, Ilker; Kiki, Ilhami] Ataturk Univ, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, Div Hematol, Erzurum, Turkey. ; [Ozgur, Gokhan] Gulhane Training & Res Hosp, Hematol & HCT Clin, Ankara, Turkey. ; [Erkurt, Mehmet Ali; Kuku, Irfan] Inonu Univ, Fac Med, Dept Internal Med, Div Hematol, Malatya, Turkey. ; [Ozatli, Duzgun; Meletli, Ozgur] Ondokuz Mayis Univ, Fac Med, Dept Hematol, Samsun, Turkey. ; [Demircioglu, Sinan; Demir, Cengiz] Yuzuncu Yil Univ, Fac Med, Dept Internal Med, Div Hematol, Van, Turkey. ; [Kurtoglu, Erdal] Univ Hlth Sci, Antalya Training & Res Hosp, Dept Hematol, Antalya, Turkey. ; [Vural, Filiz; Tobu, Mahmut] Ege Univ, Fac Med, Dept Internal Med, Div Hematol, Izmir, Turkey. ; [Karakus, Abdullah; Ayyildiz, Orhan] Dicle Univ, Fac Med, Dept Internal Med, Div Hematol, Diyarbakir, Turkey. ; [Dal, Mehmet Sinan; Altuntas, Fevzi] Univ Hlth Sci, Ankara Oncol Training & Res Hosp, Dept Hematol, Ankara, Turkey. ; [Dal, Mehmet Sinan; Altuntas, Fevzi] Univ Hlth Sci, Ankara Oncol Training & Res Hosp, BMT Unit, Ankara, Turkey. ; [Ozturk, Berna Afacan; Albayrak, Murat] Univ Hlth Sci, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Training & Res Hosp, Hematol & HCT Clin, Ankara, Turkey. ; [Ocakci, Serkan] Med Pk Izmir Hosp, Dept Hematol, Izmir, Turkey. ; [Bolaman, Zahit; Cagirgan, Seckin] Adnan Menderes Univ, Fac Med, Dept Internal Med, Div Hematol, Aydin, Turkey. ; [Sonmez, Mehmet] Karadeniz Tech Univ, Fac Med, Dept Internal Med, Div Hematol, Trabzon, Turkey. ; [Karakus, Volkan] Mugla Sitki Kocman Univ, Dept Hematol, Training & Res Hosp, Mugla, Turkey. ; [Sevindik, Omur Gokmen] Firat Univ, Fac Med, Dept Internal Med, Div Hematol, Elazig, Turkey. ; [Berber, Ilhami] Malatya Training & Res Hosp, Div Hematol, Malatya, Turkey. ; [Dogu, Mehmet Hilmi] Istanbul Training & Res Hosp, Hematol Clin, Istanbul, Turkey. ; [Gulturk, Emine] Kartal Dr Lutfi Kirdar Training & Res Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Div Hematol, Istanbul, Turkey. ; [Ulas, Turgay] Near East Univ, Dept Internal Med, Div Hematol, Nicosia, Cyprus. ; [Altuntas, Fevzi] Yildirim Beyazit Univ, Fac Med, Dept Internal Med, Div Hematol, Ankara, Turkey.
Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) is used to treat more than 60 diseases worldwide and has drawn growing interest. Little is known about the current situation of TPE activity in Turkey, so we developed a survey to obtain information about this timely topic. We collected data on TPE from 28 apheresis units throughout Turkey. We performed a total of 24,912 TPE procedures with 3203 patients over the past decade. Twenty years ago, the majority of procedures were performed for neurological and hematological disorders, and today, most TPE procedures are done for the same reasons. The only historical change has been an increase in TPE procedures in renal conditions. Currently, renal conditions were more frequently an indication for TPE than rheumatic conditions. Fresh frozen plasma was the most frequently used replacement fluid, followed by 5% albumin, used in 57.9% and 34.6% of procedures, respectively. The most frequently used anticoagulants in TPE were ACD-A and heparin/ACD-A, used with 1671 (52.2%) and 1164 (36.4%) patients, respectively. The frequency of adverse events (AEs) was 12.6%. The most common AEs were hypocalcemia-related symptoms, hypotension, and urticaria. We encountered no severe AEs that led to severe morbidity and mortality. Overall, more than two thirds of the patients showed improvement in the underlying disease. Here, we report on a nationwide survey on TPE activity in Turkey. We conclude that there has been a great increase in apheresis science, and the number of TPE procedures conducted in Turkey has increased steadily over time. Finally, we would like to point out that our past experiences and published international guidelines were the most important tools in gaining expertise regarding TPE. ; C1 [Korkmaz, Serdal] Univ Hlth Sci, Kayseri Training & Res Hosp, Dept Hematol, Kayseri, Turkey. ; [Medeni, Serife Solmaz] Univ Hlth Sci, Bozyaka Training & Res Hosp, Dept Hematol, Izmir, Turkey. ; [Demirkan, Fatih] Dokuz Eylul Univ, Dept Internal Med, Div Hematol, Fac Med,HCT Unit, Izmir, Turkey. ; [Besisik, Sevgi Kalayoglu; Dadin, Senem Altay] Istanbul Univ, Istanbul Fac Med, Dept Internal Med, Div Hematol, Istanbul, Turkey. ; [Cagliyan, Gulsum Akgun; Hacioglu, Sibel Kabukcu; Sari, Ismail] Pamukkale Univ, Dept Internal Med, Div Hematol, Denizli, Turkey. ; [Sahin, Deniz Goren] Istanbul Bilim Univ, Sch Med, Dept Hematol, Istanbul, Turkey. ; [Sahin, Deniz Goren; Arat, Mutlu] Sisli Florence Nightingale Hosp, Stem Cell Transplantat Unit, Istanbul, Turkey. ; [Dagdas, Simten; Ozet, Gulsum] Ankara Numune Training & Res Hosp, Dept Hematol, Ankara, Turkey. ; [Kutlu, Nermin; Akyol, Tulay Karaagac] Hacettepe Univ, Sch Med, Therapeut Apheresis Unit, Ankara, Turkey. ; [Ozcebe, Osman Ilhami] Hacettepe Univ, Sch Med, Dept Hematol, Ankara, Turkey. ; [Teke, Hava Uskudar] Eskisehir Osmangazi Univ, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, Div Hematol, Eskisehir, Turkey. ; [Unal, Demet Kiper; Guner, Naile; Payzin, Bahriye] Izmir Katip Celebi Univ, Ataturk Training & Res Hosp, Dept Hematol, Izmir, Turkey. ; [Tombak, Anil] Mersin Univ, Fac Med, Dept Internal Med, Div Heamatol, Mersin, Turkey. ; [Celik, Halil] Mersin Univ, Fac Med, Dept Internal Med, Mersin, Turkey. ; [Bay, Ilker; Kiki, Ilhami] Ataturk Univ, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, Div Hematol, Erzurum, Turkey. ; [Ozgur, Gokhan] Gulhane Training & Res Hosp, Hematol & HCT Clin, Ankara, Turkey. ; [Erkurt, Mehmet Ali; Kuku, Irfan] Inonu Univ, Fac Med, Dept Internal Med, Div Hematol, Malatya, Turkey. ; [Ozatli, Duzgun; Meletli, Ozgur] Ondokuz Mayis Univ, Fac Med, Dept Hematol, Samsun, Turkey. ; [Demircioglu, Sinan; Demir, Cengiz] Yuzuncu Yil Univ, Fac Med, Dept Internal Med, Div Hematol, Van, Turkey. ; [Kurtoglu, Erdal] Univ Hlth Sci, Antalya Training & Res Hosp, Dept Hematol, Antalya, Turkey. ; [Vural, Filiz; Tobu, Mahmut] Ege Univ, Fac Med, Dept Internal Med, Div Hematol, Izmir, Turkey. ; [Karakus, Abdullah; Ayyildiz, Orhan] Dicle Univ, Fac Med, Dept Internal Med, Div Hematol, Diyarbakir, Turkey. ; [Dal, Mehmet Sinan; Altuntas, Fevzi] Univ Hlth Sci, Ankara Oncol Training & Res Hosp, Dept Hematol, Ankara, Turkey. ; [Dal, Mehmet Sinan; Altuntas, Fevzi] Univ Hlth Sci, Ankara Oncol Training & Res Hosp, BMT Unit, Ankara, Turkey. ; [Ozturk, Berna Afacan; Albayrak, Murat] Univ Hlth Sci, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Training & Res Hosp, Hematol & HCT Clin, Ankara, Turkey. ; [Ocakci, Serkan] Med Pk Izmir Hosp, Dept Hematol, Izmir, Turkey. ; [Bolaman, Zahit; Cagirgan, Seckin] Adnan Menderes Univ, Fac Med, Dept Internal Med, Div Hematol, Aydin, Turkey. ; [Sonmez, Mehmet] Karadeniz Tech Univ, Fac Med, Dept Internal Med, Div Hematol, Trabzon, Turkey. ; [Karakus, Volkan] Mugla Sitki Kocman Univ, Dept Hematol, Training & Res Hosp, Mugla, Turkey. ; [Sevindik, Omur Gokmen] Firat Univ, Fac Med, Dept Internal Med, Div Hematol, Elazig, Turkey. ; [Berber, Ilhami] Malatya Training & Res Hosp, Div Hematol, Malatya, Turkey. ; [Dogu, Mehmet Hilmi] Istanbul Training & Res Hosp, Hematol Clin, Istanbul, Turkey. ; [Gulturk, Emine] Kartal Dr Lutfi Kirdar Training & Res Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Div Hematol, Istanbul, Turkey. ; [Ulas, Turgay] Near East Univ, Dept Internal Med, Div Hematol, Nicosia, Cyprus. ; [Altuntas, Fevzi] Yildirim Beyazit Univ, Fac Med, Dept Internal Med, Div Hematol, Ankara, Turkey.
