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Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- List of Illustrations -- Preface -- Prologue -- 1. Beginnings -- 2. Germs as Weapons -- 3. The Six "Chessmen of Doom" -- 4. Hoofbeats -- 5. The Queen Strikes -- 6. The Nation's Bio-Emergency Hotline -- 7. The Pawn Comes Calling -- 8. Bioweapons 101 -- 9. Preparing for Biological Warfare -- 10. Disaster from Within -- 11. Bow to King Smallpox -- 12. On the Front Lines -- 13. Desert Pneumonia -- 14. The 4M Disaster -- 15. Countermeasures -- 16. The Slammer -- 17. On the Hot Side -- 18. Descent into Hell -- 19. Suspicion -- 20. The Aftermath -- 21. Down for the Count -- 22. Behind the Scenes of Pandemic Response -- 23. Looking Forward-the Challenges Continue -- Afterword -- Acknowledgments -- Glossary -- Notes -- Index.

Vaccination against human papillomavirus (HPV) is recommended to prevent cervical cancer among women, but the benefits of HPV vaccination for males are less obvious. This study characterized HPV acquisition among male military members by evaluating both seroprevalence at entry into service and seroincidence of HPV infection after ten years of service. At entry, 29 of 200 (14.6%) male service members were positive for HPV serotypes 6, 11, 16, or 18. Of 199 initially seronegative for at least one of the four HPV serotypes, 68 (34.2%) seroconverted to one or more serotypes at ten years; more than one-third of these were seropostive for oncogenic HPV serotypes. This estimate of HPV seroprevalence among male military accessions is higher than that reported among U.S. civilian males. Vaccination to prevent genital warts and cancers resulting from HPV infection may decrease health care system burdens. Further analyses are warranted to understand the potential costs and benefits of a policy to vaccinate male service members.

Tick-borne Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is endemic in numerous countries, but the epidemiology and epizoology of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) remain to be defined for most regions of the world. Using a broad database search approach, we reviewed the literature on CCHF and CCHFV in Southern and Western Asia to better define the disease burden in these areas. We used a One Health approach, moving beyond a focus solely on human disease burden to more comprehensively define this burden by reviewing CCHF case reports, human and animal CCHFV seroprevalence studies, and human and animal CCHFV isolations. In addition, we used published literature to estimate the distribution of Hyalomma ticks and infection of these ticks by CCHFV. Using these data, we propose a new classification scheme for organizing the evaluated countries into five categories by level of evidence for CCHF endemicity. Twelve countries have reported CCHF cases, five from Southern Asia and seven from Western Asia. These were assigned to level 1 or 2. Eleven countries that have evidence of vector circulation but did not report confirmed CCHF cases were assigned to level 3 or 4. This classification scheme was developed to inform policy toward strengthening CCHF disease surveillance in the Southern and Western Asia regions. In particular, the goal of this review was to inform international organizations, local governments, and health-care professionals about current shortcomings in CCHFV surveillance in these two high-prevalence regions.

A system designed to rapidly identify an infectious disease outbreak or bioterrorism attack and provide important demographic and geographic information is lacking in most health departments nationwide.