Suchergebnisse

Cover -- Contents -- Acknowledgements -- Introduction -- PART I THE DEVELOPMENT OF MEDIA -- 1 From Speech to Print -- WORDS INTO TEXTS -- THE MANUSCRIPT CULTURE -- GUTENBERG'S 'INVENTION' -- 'REVOLUTION' OF THE PRINTED WORD -- THE BIRTH OF NEWSPAPERS -- THE PRESS BECOMES POLITICAL -- 2 The Birth of New Media -- THE TELEGRAPH: THE GLOBAL INFORMATION HIGHWAY -- THE TELEPHONE: UTILITY FOR OFFICES -- WIRELESS THROUGH THE RADIO -- THE CINEMA: MOVING ATTRACTIONS BASED ON THE INVENTION OF PHOTOGRAPHY -- 3 Media for the Masses -- THE BIRTH OF MODERN ADVERTISING -- THE PRESS AS THE TRAILBLAZER OF COMMERCIAL MASS MEDIA -- TRIUMPH OF THE FILM INDUSTRY -- THE TWO MODELS OF BROADCASTING -- 4 In the Global Village -- THE MOST IMPORTANT MEDIUM OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY: TELEVISION -- COMPUTERS AND THE INTERNET -- PART II THEMES -- 5 Media, Democracy and the Public Sphere -- DEMOCRACY AND MEDIA SYSTEMS -- THE PUBLIC SPHERE -- 6 Media, Commerce and Globalization -- MEDIA, NATIONALISM AND GLOBALIZATION -- MEDIA AND COMMERCE -- THE AFFILIATIONS OF MEDIA, POLITICS AND ECONOMY -- 7 Control and Power: Censorship and Propaganda -- CENSORSHIP -- PROPAGANDA -- 8 Media and Everyday Life -- PRINT MEDIA BECOMES PART OF PRIVATE AND EVERYDAY LIFE -- NEW MEDIA REVOLUTIONIZES WORK AND LEISURE -- TELEVISION AND THE WESTERN WAY OF LIFE -- MEDIA HISTORY AND MEDIATIZATION OF EVERYDAY LIFE -- 9 The Cultural History Meanings of Media -- MEDIA AND HISTORICAL CULTURE -- THE SHAPER OF WORLDVIEWS -- UTOPIAS AND DYSTOPIAS -- Conclusion -- Notes -- Index.

This article makes use of history documentary films to examine mediated historical culture and memory narrated by media. It particularly focuses on transgenerational dimensions of memory in media representations – the idea of how collective memories are transmitted through media to a second generation of people who did not directly experience the actual events but who nonetheless have often been exposed to the traumatic tensions of the first generation. The article first asks how mediated memory provides different views on war in historical culture. Second, it discusses how the memory of war is negotiated in the contemporary institutional historical culture of a democracy. The article demonstrates that since the role of the state in public remembrance is no longer as clear-cut as before, at least in democratic countries, historical culture is a more appropriate and precise concept than either civil society or even public history for analysing the importance of memory in society. The article also confirms the notion that it is difficult, if not even impossible, to separate media-narrated memory into the collective and private spheres of life. The empirical body of research consists of three Finnish history documentary films on WWII screened or broadcast in 2017, when Finland celebrated its 100-year anniversary. ; Peer reviewed

Academic history is only one of the many forms of mediating history. Popular practices, such as entertainment, identity projects and policy justifications often have a more effective role in historical culture than academic history. Public traditions, such as national commemorations are the central scenes of historical culture. They call for a discussion of the essence of nations and nationalism in the public sphere. During globalisation and the rise of multiculturalism, national histories are increasingly said to be a 'broken mirror': there are several and contested narratives about a nation. On the other hand, there is also a strong tendency to emphasise and reinforce national 'master narratives' among nations evoked by social-national conservatism and the overall rise of populist nationalism. This essay discusses what role historical culture and historical consciousness plays in the narrating of a nation. The starting point here is Finnish historical culture. The essay suggests approaches how to study historical culture from a perspective that takes into account the production as well as the reception context of historical culture in narrating nation. It calls for studies that analyse the relationship between academic history and other forms of historical culture, namely media representation of history. The essay emphasises the importance of mediated and aesthetic forms of historical culture in creating a view of the history of a nation. ; Academic history is only one of the many forms of mediating history. Popular practices, such as entertainment, identity projects and policy justifications often have a more effective role in historical culture than academic history. Public traditions, such as national commemorations are the central scenes of historical culture. They call for a discussion of the essence of nations and nationalism in the public sphere. During globalisation and the rise of multiculturalism, national histories are increasingly said to be a 'broken mirror': there are several and contested narratives about a nation. On the other hand, there is also a strong tendency to emphasise and reinforce national 'master narratives' among nations evoked by social-national conservatism and the overall rise of populist nationalism. This essay discusses what role historical culture and historical consciousness plays in the narrating of a nation. The starting point here is Finnish historical culture. The essay suggests approaches how to study historical culture from a perspective that takes into account the production as well as the reception context of historical culture in narrating nation. It calls for studies that analyse the relationship between academic history and other forms of historical culture, namely media representation of history. The essay emphasises the importance of mediated and aesthetic forms of historical culture in creating a view of the history of a nation. ; Peer reviewed

Book review. Reviewed work: Screen Culture : A Global History / By Richard Butsch. Cambridge, UK : Polity Press. ; Non peer reviewed

Published online ; An important era for the European Enlightenment-founded 'republic of letters' was the cultural internationalism of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. The fin de siècle was also significant in forming the concepts of both the European intellectual and the European public sphere. The starting point of my article is the Finnish liberal cultural intellectuals during this period. In their activities in Europe, these Finnish intellectuals operated in the context of Russification, and that left a national mark. On the other hand, Scandinavia was the first frame of reference for literary-oriented Finnish liberal intellectuals. Through empirical examples from the cultural periodicals they edited, I discuss how periphery intellectuals joined the European republic of letters and how transnationalism in exchanging ideas and sharing universal ideals was realized. The outcome of the article is that although transnationalism in history studies provides a fruitful way to approach the era in question, often nationalism play a significant role in the transnational activities of intellectuals in small nations. Besides the political situation of a young small nation in turmoil, the close relationship between the State and 'intellectual labour' makes the Finnish case interesting in terms of transnational history. ; An important era for the European Enlightenment-founded 'republic of letters' was the cultural internationalism of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. The fin de siècle was also significant in forming the concepts of both the European intellectual and the European public sphere. The starting point of my article is the Finnish liberal cultural intellectuals during this period. In their activities in Europe, these Finnish intellectuals operated in the context of Russification, and that left a national mark. On the other hand, Scandinavia was the first frame of reference for literary-oriented Finnish liberal intellectuals. Through empirical examples from the cultural periodicals they edited, I discuss how periphery intellectuals joined the European republic of letters and how transnationalism in exchanging ideas and sharing universal ideals was realized. The outcome of the article is that although transnationalism in history studies provides a fruitful way to approach the era in question, often nationalism play a significant role in the transnational activities of intellectuals in small nations. Besides the political situation of a young small nation in turmoil, the close relationship between the State and 'intellectual labour' makes the Finnish case interesting in terms of transnational history. ; Peer reviewed

This essay examines the making of the Finnish intelligentsia and its relation to the state and the nation. The problem is analysed primarily from the perspective of student activism in the twentieth century. The formation of the intelligentsia is viewed in the context of nationalism, (cultural) modernism and radicalism in the development of the public sphere. The main source for the article's findings is the student magazineYlioppilaslehti(Student Magazine), which is not just "any student paper" but a Finnish institution that saw most of Finland's cultural and political elite pass through its editorial staff in the twentieth century. The essay demonstrates the importance of German idealism, as theorized by the Finnish statesman and philosopher J. W. Snellman, in the activities of the Finnish university intelligentsia well into the twenty-first century, and particularly in linking these activities to nation building.

This essay examines the making of the Finnish intelligentsia and its relation to the state and the nation. The problem is analysed primarily from the perspective of student activism in the twentieth century. The formation of the intelligentsia is viewed in the context of nationalism, (cultural) modernism and radicalism in the development of the public sphere. The main source for the article's findings is the student magazine Ylioppilaslehti (Student Magazine), which is not just "any student paper" but a Finnish institution that saw most of Finland's cultural and political elite pass through its editorial staff in the twentieth century. The essay demonstrates the importance of German idealism, as theorized by the Finnish statesman and philosopher J. W. Snellman, in the activities of the Finnish university intelligentsia well into the twenty- first century, and particularly in linking these activities to nation building ; Peer reviewed

Artikkelissa tarkastellaan Ylioppilaslehden kautta Suomen poliittisen ilmapiirin ja journalismin muutosta 1980-luvulla. Lehdellä on ollut ajoittain merkittävä rooli suomalaisessa julkisuudessa. Tutkimuskohteena on etenkin lehden suhde valtaapitäviin ja vaihtoehtoihmisiin uuden journalismin ja julkisuusteorioiden valossa. Artikkeli osoittaa, miten Ylioppilaslehden tapainen institutionalisoitunut mutta niin sanottu vapaa media reagoi paitsi 80-luvun mediamaiseman, myös poliittisen sfäärin muutoksiin. Artikkeli näyttää, kuinka Ylioppilaslehti oli omalta osaltaan ja etujoukoissa kyseenalaistamassa konsensus-Suomea.

This essay discusses the ideas of a societal generation through five Finnish generational movements of the intellectuals. The essay shows that although the ideas of societal generation can be a fruitful way to approach cultural-historical phenomena, it has its problems. The main difficulty in applying the theory stems from the fact that since the concept of a societal generation is modern, it can be problematic to apply it to the generations before the 1920s as well as to late-modern generations. Another challenge in using the theory lies in the fact that becoming a generational movement presupposes the self-consciousness of coevals as belonging to a generation in order to become one. ; This essay discusses the ideas of a societal generation through five Finnish generational movements of the intellectuals. The essay shows that although the ideas of societal generation can be a fruitful way to approach cultural-historical phenomena, it has its problems. The main difficulty in applying the theory stems from the fact that since the concept of a societal generation is modern, it can be problematic to apply it to the generations before the 1920s as well as to late-modern generations. Another challenge in using the theory lies in the fact that becoming a generational movement presupposes the self-consciousness of coevals as belonging to a generation in order to become one. ; Peer reviewed

The political public sphere is at one and the same time both public, and private and religion operates in both the public and the private spheres in the modern way of life. This article approaches the dynamics between the cultural and the political public sphere from the point of view of religion; how the cultural intelligentsia developed its worldview fuelled with attitudes towards religion in times of political turmoil. The case study, based on the empirical analysis of cultural periodicals and societies around them, concerns the Finnish liberal intelligentsia in the early twentieth century. The first decade of the 1900s was a particularly important period of formation for the Finnish public sphere; the societal turmoil highlighted the importance of cultural periodicals in defining what was important for the national public sphere. The case of religion is an illustrative example of it, particularly from the point of view of the liberal intelligentsia of the era. ; Peer reviewed

This article approaches Finnish documentary films as part of current history culture and 'sense of history'. Through three examples of Finnish documentary films, it examines the relationship between history documentaries and academic history with reference to the modes of documentary filmmaking and to history theories. In analysing the films, the 'orientation' of the films as well as their 'organization' is of interest. The article is particularly interested in national history representations and media memory. It emphasizes the production context of the films. The article suggests that in order to understand history documentaries as a part of history culture means taking into consideration the particular history culture in question, the documentary tradition of a country, and, first of all, the production context of a documentary. ; This article approaches Finnish documentary films as part of current history culture and 'sense of history'. Through three examples of Finnish documentary films, it examines the relationship between history documentaries and academic history with reference to the modes of documentary filmmaking and to history theories. In analysing the films, the 'orientation' of the films as well as their 'organization' is of interest. The article is particularly interested in national history representations and media memory. It emphasizes the production context of the films. The article suggests that in order to understand history documentaries as a part of history culture means taking into consideration the particular history culture in question, the documentary tradition of a country, and, first of all, the production context of a documentary. ; Peer reviewed