Suchergebnisse

The purpose of the study is to find out whether / how the journalistic standards differ in peacetime and during military operations.Research methodology. The matter under discussion is the system of ethical and legal aspects in the framework of information and communication activities under conditions of war. In light of the fact that the Ukrainian academic community has not yet seriously been involved in studying coverage of modern military conflicts, this article focuses on the author's own observations that were initiated in the international multi-authored monograph «The role of technology in the socio-economic development of the post-quarantine world» (Katowice, Poland) last year, as well as results of current discussions at the top-rated media platforms, analysis of special issue material and current legislation. The article is based on analysis and synthesis to verify information and make conclusions, comparison and description to correlate different levels of data and other scientific methods with the help of which we start discussions about journalistic standards, evaluate the level of coverage of events in the Donbas region; we think about where journalism ends and propaganda, disclosure of top-secret information and hate language begin; we enter into polemics about vulnerable groups of population and ways to incite interethnic hatred and conflicts.Results. As it turned out, Ukrainian journalists have to distance themselves from events and clearly distinguish all communication traps. According to the traditions of the Ukrainian journalistic community and current legislation, all media professionals involved in the war in eastern Ukraine should thoroughly check all the facts, trust only expert sources, they do not have to believe their own and someone else's emotions, to use hate language and to incite interethnic hatred and conflicts. One has also to keep in mind that a journalist's civic-mindedness is a serious violation of international standards.Novelty. In the result, we come to the conclusion that ...

Purpose. The article aims to analyse the consciousness of masses in the communication system of the 20th century projecting the individual level onto the social one. Theoretical basis. In the fields of philosophy and other humanities since the middle of the last century there has dominated an opinion that the category of mass and its communication are second-rate and non-elitist phenomena. Condensing the experience of human history (especially – the nineteenth century – the time of the bourgeois revolutions and the two world wars), such parameters were set by the creators of social psychology Gustave Le Bon and Sigmund Freud in their basic research "The Crowd: A Study of the Popular Mind", "Group Psychology and the Analysis of the Ego". Since ancient times the masses have really resembled immoral emotional neoformations, which minimized the individual qualities of the components of the whole and showed the features of a predominantly animal nature. It is no coincidence that those masses were called emotional, or just a crowd, regardless of the topos of existence: streets and squares, or the infospace of the first mass media (newspapers, radio, cinema, television). However, analysing the crowd, the scientists noted that this is only an extreme modification of the mass, and, in addition to it, there may be others – quite the opposite in their nature. With the advent of the World Wide Web, the situation has changed: scientists and futurists have been talking about the mass of intellectuals, which seems to be formed and combined in the field of information technology. And it surpasses the traditional elite in many respects. Originality. Having analysed the works of classic and modern researchers, we came to the conclusion that in fact the masses, like individuals (according to C. G. Jung), are divided into four types. Correspondingly, each of them has its own behaviour, psychology, philosophy etc. This article focuses on beliefs and ideological positions as the basis for the functioning of emotional, sensory, intuitive and rational masses in the context of 20th century philosophy. The object of our analysis was the philosophical schools of neo-positivism, hermeneutics, psychoanalysis, existentialism, pragmatism, anthropology, phenomenology, and others. Conclusions. According to our assumption, regardless of the type of mass and direction of modern philosophy as a field of its implementation, rationalism comes to the fore everywhere (as a primary source and theoretical basis or motivation). Thus, it can be concluded that the rational mass now dominates, not emotional (which was thoroughly described by Le Bon and Freud). And this is quite natural in the age of digital technology.

Здійснено спробу інтерпретації незакінченої публіцистичної студії Лесі Українки "Політика і етика" (на основі принципів методології вчень про синергетичні системи). The attempt of the interpretation of Lesya Ukrainka's unfinished publicistic item"Politics and Ethics" (on the basis of methodology principles of "studying about sphere").