Suchergebnisse

ABSTRACT: For effective management of each company, it is important to have the most accurate overview of your costs, and this also applies to quality management. Within the framework of compliance with the principles of management according to ISO 9001, this is a process principle and the principle of continuous improvement. Organizations can use different models for this. The main goal of the paper was to find out whether in a specific company with an established quality management system, quality expenditures are effectively spent on the basis of the extended PAF model (Prevention Appraisal and Failure). The development of total quality costs in the years 2003-2017 in thous. CZK, in the costs of external and internal defects, wasted investments and opportunities, environmental damage, evaluation expenses and expenses on prevention and improvement. The share of individual quality expenditures was also monitored against sales, the values of which for all groups of expenditures were within the recommended range, so it can be stated that due to production, the performance of the quality management system according to the PAF model is at a good level.

Purpose: The development of entrepreneurship has a fundamental benefit for the economy of both developed and developing countries. Especially the young generation, which represents the potential for future development of entrepreneurship, has received a lot of attention in this respect. That is why this study aims at determining what are the most prominent entrepreneurial motives and barriers for university students and whether there exist statistically significant gender differences both in terms of opinions about entrepreneurship and in the assessment of individual motives or barriers. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study took place at Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem (Czech Republic). The study was carried out via written questionnaires. The sample consisted of 1021 respondents. Results were obtained using Friedmann's ANOVA analysis and the Mann-Whitney U Test. Findings: The three most prominent motives associated with the commencement of entrepreneurship were identified as: becoming more independent, higher salary, and market opportunities. On the other hand, the most prominent barriers obstructing new entrepreneurs were identified by students to be a lack of financial resources, fear of failure and complex administration. This study also identified statistically significant gender differences both in the willingness to start a business (men declare a higher interest in entrepreneurship than women) and in the assessment of the most prominent motives and barriers. For men, the most important motive is market opportunities and the greatest barrier is a lack of finances. Practical Implications: The precise identification of the barriers and motivations are very important for the governments and creators of public politics as young enterprises are the main source of innovations with the latest growing potential. Originality/Value: The originality of the paper can be seen in the fact, that the investigation is focussed on potential entrepreneurs while the other researches at the Czech Republic were focused on the starting entrepreneurs, i.e. on the slightly different target group. ; peer-reviewed

The surface of building stone on historic buildings often bears the original traces of craftsmanship processing. These are an integral part of the visual appearance of the monument and thus its value, which needs to be protected. For studying and identifying traces and subsequent reconstruction of stonemason's tools, we use the methods of traceology and mechanoscopy. Using modern imaging techniques, we can identify the stonemason's tool used, reconstruct the shape of its blade, and determine how it was used. The obtained results can be used in the process of monument care, especially in the process of preparation and implementation of restoration interventions on the objects, but they are also useful for completing the historical context of the monument. Our research is focused on the systematic study of the surface topography of the stone monuments in Prague. The obtained results were systematically divided according to individual historical period. As a model example of the use of the above-mentioned methods and approaches, we present the topography of stone elements and the development of stonemason's craft in Gothic Prague. The development of the stonemason's craft within one city in a given period can be documented on selected examples arranged chronologically in succession.