Suchergebnisse

Focusing on questions unique to chemistry, the second edition of Jeffrey Kovac's 'The Ethical Chemist' contains a large collection of ethical problems, or cases, that raise important ethical issues and which can be used in courses or workshops for students or working chemists. It provides overviews of ethical theories, professional issues, and codes of conduct derived from a moral idea.

"This book is an introduction to professional ethics in chemistry based on the view that the specific codes of conduct derive from a moral ideal. Ethical questions unique to chemistry are discussed. A large collection of specific ethical problems are included."--

Even though the last decades have witnessed an increased educational interest
in the Holocaust, there is no single response to what topics should be
incorporated into the Holocaust curricula. This paper aims to compare the
teaching preferences in selecting Holocaust-related topics in good practices
of two education systems, namely Republika Srpska (Bosnia and Herzegovina)
and England (United Kingdom). Research questions were focused on
determin?ing similarities and differences across the two systems and
identifying relevant and original teaching practices to be shared and
exchanged. Four history teach?ers from Republika Srpska and four English
history teachers were interviewed. Questionnaires were distributed to 32
students from Republika Srpska and 21 from England. The quantitative data
reveal that historical background has a more ostensible impact on the
Republika Srpska education system. Significant dis?crepancies in teachers?
and students? preferences have been identified in both systems. Qualitative
data revealed original English teaching ideas potentially useful for the
Republika Srpska educators teaching the Holocaust, persecution of the Serbs
in the Second World War and addressing recent Yugoslav wars. Many of the
identified practices might be helpful to educators beyond the two education
systems.

The issue of super-intelligent artificial intelligence (AI) has begun to attract ever more attention in economics, law, sociology and philosophy studies. A new industrial revolution is being unleashed, and it is vital that lawmakers address the systemic challenges it is bringing while regulating its economic and social consequences. This paper sets out recommendations to ensure informed regulatory intervention covering potential uncontemplated AI-related risks. If AI evolves in ways unintended by its designers, the judgment-proof problem of existing legal persons engaged with AI might undermine the deterrence and insurance goals of classic tort law, which consequently might fail to ensure optimal risk internalisation and precaution. This paper also argues that, due to identified shortcomings, the debate on the different approaches to controlling hazardous activities boils down to a question of efficient ex ante safety regulation. In addition, it is suggested that it is better to place AI in the existing legal categories and not to create a new electronic legal personality.

Stretching beyond its theoretical field, the debates about the purposes of history education are of great importance to curriculum writers and classroom practitioners. The content selection from a broad field of history is connected to what educators deem an overarching purpose of education. With this in mind, this paper aims to examine the purposes of teaching history against the background of the two general theories of education, namely – the theories of a flourishing life and powerful knowledge. While the theory of a flourishing life encourages the development of personal autonomy, allowing individuals to make successful choices, the theory of powerful knowledge examines the importance of traditional academic knowledge for individual success. The paper will also use the context of post-conflict societies, to reflect on the question of possible purposes of history education.

Abstract
Modern game theory and the economic theory of federalism may offer an alternative view on the Brexit fiasco, in which the British government should not bear exclusive responsibility for current disaster. Moreover, the design of Article 50 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) contains an intrinsic dysfunctional mechanism that generates irrational strategies. Article 50 is underdeveloped and should be redrafted. The two-year deadline provision should be replaced with a reasonable time period and should provide for a third-party dispute resolution mechanism in instances where free negotiations between the EU and the withdrawing Member State in the reasonable time period fail to achieve a winwin solution. This article also argues that the current sub-optimal institutional framework on the vertical and horizontal division of competences might be an additional generator of Euroscepticism. In order to prevent the decline of public support the EU should do less in current fields and should do much more in fields where it failed to exercise its authority and which cannot be addressed effectively at the local levels. The EU should redesign itself as an institution that mitigates broad potential sources of negative externalities, reinforcing the rule of law, protecting liberal democracy with all related civil liberties, reinforcing its political-global dimension, protecting its common cultural heritage, and combating destructive nationalisms, isolationisms and cultural introspections.

This article seeks to position gender theory as critical to making sense of one of the First World War's largest remaining historical problems: the persistence of mass violence after November 1918. While Robert Gerwarth and John Horne's pathbreaking work on veteran violence has challenged the standard 1914-18 periodisation of the war, their focus on military defeat and revolution obscures the centrality of gender relations to the continuation of violence after the formal end of hostilities. By putting their work into conversation with that of feminist theorists, I argue that countries which experienced more extreme gender dislocation or 'gender trouble' witnessed the greatest post-war violence, chiefly in the former German, Austro-Hungarian, and Russian empires. In states where women's struggles were more successfully contained, patriarchal forces faced a less severe threat and thus responded with considerably less violence. Drawing on the work of Judith Butler, Laura Doan, Joanna Bourke, Klaus Theweleit, and Erika Kuhlman, this article shows how right-wing violence targeting 'red women' in this period was not a mere outgrowth of battles between competing nationalisms or communism and fascism, but, crucially, a military clash between feminism and anti-feminism. With revitalised feminist movements sweeping Europe today from Poland to Ireland, understanding the violent restoration of patriarchy in the early 1920s offers crucial lessons –and warnings – for our own dangerously promising political moment.

Frustration of purpose remains one of the most ill-defined concepts in the English law of contracts. The same problem has also recently attracted the attention of the French legislature in its modernization of the Code Civil. The French reform entitles courts with broad powers to adjust the contract when unforeseen contingencies have made the bargain unduly costly. This article argues that the introduction of an economically inspired adjustment rule in English contract law should be re-considered to maintain its current superior commercial position. If implemented, then the 'ex ante division of surplus' should be the governing principle in adjusting contract price, because such a remedy will not affect the agreed-upon division of the surplus. Moreover, this paper suggests that the recent French reform is indeed a long-awaited step toward a more effective regulation of the notorious 'unforeseen contingencies' phenomena, but also suggests that further improvements might be needed. Furthermore, it offers a set of arguments suggesting that the English law in its current form might still be the preferred option in the world of international business transactions. The international commercial attractiveness of English contract law, although being challenged by the new French Civil Code, remains undisputed.

Pacifica Views was a four‐page publication initially written and edited by conscientious objectors at the Glendora, California, Civilian Public Service (CPS) camp. During its four years of existence (1943–1947), Pacifica Views provided a lively forum for discussion among radical pacifists. This article provides a brief history of Pacifica Views, sketches of the principal contributors, and a discussion of the major issues discussed in its pages. Finally, it offers an assessment of the long‐term impact of Pacifica Views on peace and social justice movements in the United States.

Besides the traditional forms of liberalization of public services and authority, public administration reforms also involve the privatization of (state) administrative tasks. In some countries, including Slovenia, private holders perform public tasks in such a way based on "public authority". The main reason for granting public authority is increased efficiency of administrative tasks, which private entities achieve through liberalization of political influence and rationalization of work. However, due protection of public interest has to be maintained by strategic control of public authority. The article addresses by theoretical analysis aspects of administrative tasks' privatization based and analyzed on the example of multiple OECD and the EU countries, especially Slovenia, in the context of good governance concept in order to offer guidelines for similar reforms in other countries.