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The article is devoted to the study of the historical experience of the organization and operation of regional courts in Halychyna in the composition of Austria and Austria-Hungary (1855–1918), as well as the characteristics of their structure and competence. It is noted that as a result of the reform of Austrian justice in the middle of the nineteenth century, a tripartite court system was created, where the courts of first instance were regional courts (acting as courts of first instance in separate civil and complex criminal cases). In Halychyna, as part of the Austrian Empire, the regional courts began their activities in 1855. The status of the regional districts was given by three courts: in Lviv, Krakow and Chernivtsi, while the rest were called district (initially also regional), and their number varied at different times from the 9- you are up to 15It was shown that the regional courts as courts of first instance had the right to consider: 1) civil cases - marital disputes, guardianship cases, cases of recognition of the deceased, repayment and destruction of debt documents, the establishment of rights, adoption and inheritance by will. Trade and bill disputes, as well as mining industry cases when there were no special merchant mountain courts, were considered in special senates; 2) criminal cases. They were considered with the participation of jurors, who issued a verdict of guilty, and the judge determined the extent of punishment. The jury trial was subject, in particular, to cases of violations of governmental orders concerning the freedom of the press (for the violation of these orders were tried as criminal offenses). In the appeal, the district courts decided all civil and criminal cases, which were considered in county and collegiate district courts.It is specified that in 1853 all regional courts, except Lviv and Krakow, became known as district courts, although their competence in civil matters remained the same as before, changes were made only in criminal proceedings, and at the beginning of 1852 they were called with the abolition of the jury. It was a period of open reaction after the defeat of the Revolution of 1848. Judges began to make not only a decision on the form of punishment, but a verdict of guilty. Cases on the most important revolutionary performances were subject to the jurisdiction of the regional court only, which mainly differed from the district courts. In 1873, the jury trial in the criminal proceedings was partially restored.After the reorganization of the Austrian judicial system in 1867, the district and district courts acted as an appellate court for county courts. The local courts headed the presidents and were structurally divided into civilian and criminal divisions (senates). In addition, they comprised a regional tabulature, a court chancellery, a division of civil-court deposits, a prison, a department in commercial affairs. ; Статтю присвячено вивченню історичного досвіду організації і діяльності крайових судів у Галичині у складі Австрії та Австро-Угорщини (1855–1918 років), а також характе­ристиці їхньої структури та компетенції. Зазначено, що унаслідок реформування австрійського судочинства у середині ХІХ століття було створено триступеневу судову систему, де судами першої інстанції були крайові суди (виступали як суди першої інстанції в окремих цивільних і складних кримінальних справах). У Галичині, як складовій Австрійської імперії, крайові суди розпочали свою діяльність 1855 року. Статус крайових отримали три суди: у Львові, Кракові і Чернівцях, тоді як решта називалися окружними (спершу теж крайовими) і їхня кількість у різний час коливалася від 9-ти до 15-ти. Після реорганізації судової системи у 1867 році крайові та окружні суди виступали апеляційною інстанцією для повітових судів. Крайові суди очолювали президенти і структурно поділялися на цивільний та кримінальний відділи (сенати). Крім того, у їх складі функціонували крайова табуля, судова канцелярія, відділ цивільно-судових депозитів, в'язниці, відділ у торговельних справах.

The article deals with the experience of the Austrian regional courts in Galicia, which was applied to form the district courts of the Western Ukrainian People's Republic. It is noted that as a result of the reform of Austrian justice in the middle of the 19th century a tripartite court system was created, where the regional courts were the courts of first instance (acting as courts of first instance in separate civil and complex criminal cases). In Galicia, as part of the Austrian Empire, the regional courts began their activities in 1855, in particular in L'viv, Krakow and Chernivtsi, while the rest were called district (first, also the border), and their number varied from 9 to 15 years at different times. The regional courts in Galicia were headed by the presidents and structurally each regional court was divided into civil and criminal departments (senates). In addition, they comprised a court chancellery, a division of civil-court deposits, a prison, a department in commercial affairs. It was shown that the regional court served as a court of first and second instance. He decided on complaints about the decisions of district courts, complaints about the image of a person in the state of the defendant, appeal to the sentences. In addition, he supervised theactivities of the county courts, was a disciplinary court for court officials in his judicial district, who decided to admit to the lawyer's oath. The district courts had the right of judicial review of administrative orders. At the same time, the right of judicial review was extended to all types of norms, which were called orders: from ministries to local self-government bodies. The judge had the right to declare invalid an order that contravened one of the laws or did not have a proper form of disclosure (for example, a police order). It was noted that the organization of the ZUNR judicial system, in particular of the district courts, was based on the experience of the former Austrian system in Galicia. An important factor in the implementation of Austrian law and the organization of the judiciary of the ZUNR was that the national political leadership was presented, first of all, by lawyers (K. Levytskyi, S. Dnistryanskyi, E. Petrushevych, etc.), who owned not only theoretical knowledge in a particular field, but as well had the experience of practical application of specific legal requirements. Keywords: district court, regional court, judicial system, judiciary, ZUNR. ; Проаналізовано досвід діяльності австрійських крайових судів у Галичині, який було використано для утворення окружних судів Західноукраїнської Народної Республіки. Розглянуто організацію і діяльність крайових судів у Галичині у складі Австрії та Австро-Угорщини (1855–1918 рр.). Показано, що крайовий суд виконував функції як суду першої, так і другої інстанції. Він приймав рішення про скарги на рішення повітових судів, скарги про образу особи у стані підсудного, апеляція на вироки. Крім того, він наглядав за діяль-ністю повітових судів, був дисциплінарним судом для судових службовців свого судового округу, вирішував питання про допуск до адвокатської клятви. І крайовий суд, і повітові суди володіли правом судової перевірки адміністративних розпоряджень. При цьому право перевірки судді поширювалося на всі види норм, які називалися розпорядженнями: від міністерств до місцевих органів самоврядування. Суддя мав право оголосити недійсним розпорядження, що суперечило одному зі законів, або не мало належної форми обнаро-дування (наприклад, поліцейське розпорядження). Ключові слова: окружний суд, районний суд, судова система, судова влада, ЗУНР