Suchergebnisse

Based on documents for the Russian archives, which in the early 1990s became open to the researchers, the author gives an account of the problem of collaborating with Nazi Germany in the USSR during World War II. He discusses the role of special punitive detachments, formed from the local populations in the occupied territories, in assisting Nazis in their policy of terror and genocide. A brief history of the infamous 667th punitive battalion, "Shelon, " and some of its members serves as an illustrative example. The author also explains why so many Nazi collaborators from the former Soviet Union managed to escape punishment and settle in the Western countries, Canada and the United States in particular, and also traces the history of some of them. ; En se basant sur des documents des archives russes devenus accessibles aux chercheurs au début des années 1990, l'auteur rend compte du problème de la collaboration avec I'Allemagne nazie en URSS pendant la Seconde Guerre Mondiale. II analyse Ie rôle de détachements punitifs spéciaux qui étaient mis en place à partir d'éléments issus des populations locales des territoires occupés, et qui avaient pour rôle d' assister l'occupant nazi dans sa politique de terreur et de genocide. Un bref historique du sinistre 667ième Bataillon Punitif "Shelon" et une description de certains de ses membres fournit ici un exemple illustratif. L' auteur explique aussi comment un si grand nombre d'anciens collaborateurs nazis de l' ex-Union Sovietique ont pu échapper à leur peine et s' installer sans être inquiétés dans plusieurs pays occidentaux, notamment Ie Canada et les Etats-Unis, et retrace l'historique de la trajectoire de certains d' entre eux.

The article analyzes the publication of the Polish historian Dariusz Rogut "The Attitude of Soviet Security Organs to the Home Army (July 1944 – January 1945)." The reasons for the problems in the relationship between the Soviet State Security Organs and the underground Polish military organization "Home Army" in the final period of the Second World War are seen in the complex relationship between the Soviet leadership in Moscow and the Polish government in London.

The leadership of the Third Reich viewed the North-West of Russia as a region that was supposed to become part of "Greater Germany". This determined the specificity of the region. From the summer of 1941 to January 1944, the frontline was not far from both Leningrad and Novgorod. Under the conditions of the Nazi occupation regime, monuments of material culture were to be destroyed; local residents and Soviet prisoners of war were to be killed. From the beginning of autumn 1943, the invaders began the mass deportation of the population of the North-West of Russia to the West, behind the Panther line: to the Baltic states and Germany. Latvian and Estonian collaborators were active assistants of the Nazis in the implementation of their criminal policy.

One of the reasons for the collaboration of Russian citizens with Nazi invaders during the Great Patriotic War was the desire to improve their material well-being. Holding various administrative positions, they not only carried out the orders of the German command, but also used them for selfish purposes. Burgomaster of the city of Velikiye Luki Ivan Bychkov-Pomortsev was twice called before the court to answer a criminal charge. The Nazis filed the first lawsuit against him in the so-called "new Russian court" for numerous fraudulent schemes and abuse of his official position. The collaborating official justified his actions by his hatred of Jews and Communists and insisted on active assistance to the German command. The second time Bychkov-Pomortsev was convicted by the Soviet court as an active accomplice of the Nazi occupiers.

In the occupied territory of Russia, Nazi propaganda services organized the publication of newspapers and magazines. Special attention was paid to the issue of forming a positive image of Nazi policy towards various Soviet peoples and territories. A significant emphasis was placed on highlighting events in Belarus, a republic bordering the North-West of Russia. The main thesis of Nazi propaganda was the assertion that there was a national revival of a new independent state, freed by German troops from their enslaver-Bolshevism.

The article compares the methods of describing the "alienated person", landscape and interpersonal relationships in the novel "Do not Feed or Touch the Pelicans" by the contemporary Russian writer Andrey Astvatsaturov and in the novel "A Brief Lifeˮ by the Uruguayan prose writer Juan Carlos Onetti Borges. The aim of the work is to identify the points of contact between the texts of the Uruguayan and the Russian authors within the framework of the hermeneutic approach. The research reveals a number of similarities in the authors' poetics at the narratological, compositional, philosophical and socio-psychological levels. Particular attention is paid to the analysis and commenting of dialogues in Andrey Astvatsaturov and J.C. Onetti. The communication of the characters in the texts is unproductive, the characters are alienated from each other and from the "soilˮ, and the spiritual in them is in irreconcilable conflict with the bodily. Montevideo and Santa Maria with J.C. Onetti as loci are Latin American analogues of St. Petersburg with Andrey Astvatsaturov. The "carnivalˮ finals of the novels are compared. The conclusion is made about the typological similarity of Andrey Astvatsaturov and J.C. Onetti as authors who hold pessimistic views of the real world and model fictional worlds in an attempt to overcome the oppressive longing of reality. The authors borrow techniques and strategies for text arrangement from authors such as William Cuthbert Faulkner, Jerome David Salinger, and Jean-Paul Charles Aymard Sartre while working on his novels. The question is raised about the further observation of the evolution of the poetics of Andrey Astvatsaturov and the subsequent comparison of his new texts with the novels of J.C. Onetti.

The article is devoted to the study of the semantics of proper names in the stories «An Affair of Honor» and «Christmas» by Vladimir Nabokov. Topicality of the study is due to the emergence of a large number of studies devoted to the most striking
and obvious cases related to the analysis of the semantics of proper names in Vladimir Nabokov, to an insuffi cient analysis of the nominations in the texts of the small form. The work uses the methods of semantic and intertextual analysis. The analysis of the names of each character of the stories «An Affair of Honor» and «Christmas» is carried out. It turns out that the peculiarity of the story «Scoundrel» is «pairedness», which manifests itself at all levels – from name to composition. The names of characters pairwise located in the story are investigated. On the material of the story «Christmas», the phenomenon of an incomplete name is studied – one character has a name but lacks last name (footman Ivan), another has a last name but not name – Sleptsov, and the name of Sleptsov's son is not mentioned at all in the story. The authors conclude that in small form the hero does not need to have both a fi rst name and a last name. One thing is enough – if it clearly and clearly characterizes the image, then the absence of one of the components is not signifi cant. The image of the main character is analysed, it is proved that a hero by the name of Sleptsov has moral and aesthetic blindness. The special mechanisms of correlation of the name system with the system of characters are revealed, an attempt is made to classify proper names in Vladimir Nabokov's work. The authors propose classifying names according to the mechanism for implementing the name in the text (one-step and two-step mechanism) and according to the method of formulation (speaking name, key-name, pun-name). It turns out that Vladimir Nabokov uses the same mechanisms and regularities in building a name system in both small and large form, however, it is in stories that these mechanisms are formed and fi rst used by Nabokov. The question is raised about the need for further use of the method of analysis of proper names in Vladimir Nabokov.