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The paper gives W. Lenin's views upon the correlation of productive forces and production relations and the policy of the state. It consists of two part's. In the first one the role of economics in policy has been discussed. The problem has been handled in a historical approach. The works of W. Lenin on the capitalistic economy and the socialistic economy have been a starting point for a survey of the problem. After considering the subject, the authors of this paper came to the following conclusions: a) policy is a reflection of economics, b) policy represents basic economic class interests, c) policy generalizes economic phenomena and processes, which are reflected in the acts of the state and in the activities of social and political associations. The second part of this paper is concerned with the role of policy in relation to economics. An analysis of views proves that W. Lenin has formulated a principle that the rank of policy is higher than the rank of economics. One may state that although economics plays a decisive role in relation to policy, the latter is comparatively independent and plays an active role in relation to economics. ; Digitalizacja i deponowanie archiwalnych zeszytów RPEiS sfinansowane przez MNiSW w ramach realizacji umowy nr 541/P-DUN/2016