Suchergebnisse

Historical urban archives and todays geospatial data provide rich information about the development of settlements. The goal of our study is to show the historical development of the building stock in the city of Vienna. We developed a spatial-temporal model and tested its application on the Viennese 18th district. Four steps were carried out. First, we made a 3D reconstruction of the building stock of 1920. We digitalized historical city maps and manually converted them into vector data. The building heights originate from a historical building registry and the construction period from a historical thematic map. Second, we used the existing building stock model for 2018 from the city government and attributed the construction period to each building. To get the best quality data on the construction periods, we merged three different spatial datasets from the city of Vienna. Third, we developed an algorithm to compare the building stock of 1920 and 2018. The comparative analysis produced thematic maps with demolished and newly constructed buildings. Fourth, we used these bottom-up results and developed an optimization model to determine the construction and demolition rates over time. We found that the total built area increased from 0,8 to 1,1 Mio m². About 0.02 Mio m² have been demolished and replaced with about 0.03 Mio m². About 0.02 Mio m³ have been newly constructed without prior demolition. The annual demolition rate (demolished built area over total built area) ranges between 0.1 and 0.3% p.a. The annual construction rate (constructed built area over total built area) steadily declines from 1.3% p.a. in 1920 to 0.3% p.a. in 2018. In the future, we will extend the geographical scope of the analysis to the entire city. At the end of the project, the datasets will be available under a creative common license and can be used for applications in the field of urban history and cultural heritage research.

Recy & DepoTech 2018, 7-9. Nov. 2018, Leoben ; The demand for resources is on a growth trend. It is likely that future supply will be dominated by primary raw materials and complemented by an increasing share of secondary raw materials. The utilization of second-ary raw materials conserves geogenic deposits and their production is of-ten less energy intensive than primary raw material production. Utilizing secondary raw materials effectively requires knowledge about the availa-bility under varying socioeconomic and political conditions. This knowledge is partly available but it is not grounded on a standard frame-work. This impedes comparisons across commodities and time. The United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) through the Expert Group on Resource Classification (EGRC) has now filled this gap by extending the application of the United Nations Framework Classifica-tion for Resources (UNFC) to anthropogenic resources. New specifica-tions have been developed that define the terminology and principles for categorizing anthropogenic material quantities at the source of supply. The categorization respects three key criteria. First, the level of confi-dence on the knowledge about the anthropogenic resource and its re-trievable quantities, second, the project status and feasibility, and third, the socioeconomic viability. Classifying anthropogenic resources based on the UNFC provides coun-tries, companies, financial institutions and other stakeholders information for sustainable development of anthropogenic resource endowments. It facilitates the development of recovery projects in public-private partner-ships where politics and administration set the legal and financial bounda-ry conditions and the industry provides the capabilities for implementing recovery projects. It also facilitates the planning of national resource sup-ply with consideration of primary and secondary raw materials. ; 1

Today`s "anthropogenic metabolism" involves a huge material turnover. After utilization, materials either remain in the anthroposphere as recycling products, or they leave the anthroposphere as waste and emission flows. To accommodate these materials without jeopardizing human and environmental health, limited natural sinks are available; thus, man-made sinks have to be provided where natural sinks are missing or overloaded. The goal of this study is the development of a new indicator that specifies on a regional scale which fractions of anthropogenic material flows to sinks are acceptable. Case studies show that appropriate governance of anthropogenic material flows and stocks is needed in order to avoid overloading of sinks, resulting in harm on humans and the environmental. Based on the results, the advantage of using this indicator is threefold: First, it satisfies the need for transparency and accountability in policy performance evaluations. Second, it allows comparing and benchmarking regions in view of sink limitations. Third, the indicator aggregates complex information into an easy to understand score and is therefore highly instrumental for communicating scientific results to decision makers and the public.

The United Nations Framework Classification for Resources (UNFC) is an international system for classifying minerals and energy resources. This document specifies the UNFC terminology and principles to enable its application to Anthropogenic Resources. Anthropogenic Resources can be found in a variety of sources, including: mine tailings, buildings, infrastructure, consumer goods, and from all the material life cycle stages, including production, use and end-of-life. Therefore, the Specifications will help to manage recovery projects in the circular economy. The United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (ECE) and the Expert Group on Resource Classification encourage governments, regulators, industry and universities to apply these Specifications for developing case studies. The Expert Group will welcome a fruitful cooperation to boost circular economy in alignment with the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. This document was approved by the Expert Group on Resource Classification at its ninth session, 24-27 April 2018 and endorsed by the ECE Committee on Sustainable Energy at its twenty-seventh session, 27 September 2018. The document has been prepared by the Working Group on Anthropogenic Resources, as mandaded by the UNECE Expert Group on Resource Classification in cooperation with the COST Action Mining the European Anthroposphere.

The traditional mining sector uses resource assessments to estimate the mineability of natural resources. The results are communicated to investors, authorities and corporate management boards in a standardized manner, at least on a country level. The recycling sector also requires estimates of recoverable anthropogenic resources. Evidence-based resource assessment, including the selection of parameters for characterising resources and methods for assessing their recoverability, is essential to obtain comparable estimates over time and across scales. Within this report, the COST Action MINEA presents a practical and user-friendly knowledge base for facilitating anthropogenic resource assessments. The fouces is on extractives industry residues, residues in landfills, residues from municipal solid waste incineration as well as construction & demolition waste flows. The key objectives are: To relate current knowledge levels, gaps and future needs to assessments of viability of anthropogenic resource recovery. To review case studies that demonstrate anthropogenic resource assessment in combination with resource classification in order to communicate the viability of anthropogenic resource recovery. We encourage academics, businesses and government organisations to use this report for: designing and developing case studies, future planning, developing standards for characterizing resource quantities and evaluating their recoverability, and collecting and harmonizing resource statistics. ************* The "Mining the European Anthroposphere" (MINEA) is a pan-European expert network, which received funding from the COST Association between 2016 and 2020. The network pools knowledge for estimating the future recoverability of raw materials from anthropogenic resources.