Suchergebnisse

The Third International Scientific and Educational Conference – "USSR in the Second World War (1939–1945): Historical Memory Issues" was devoted to the 75th Anniversary of the Victory over Nazi Germany and its Allies. The conference became a platform to address topical issues regarding preserving and popularizing the war memories and discussing the role of the USSR in the victory over fascism. The historical events of the Great Patriotic War and Second World War, being both part of historical memory and objects of historical studies, were given consi­deration. The review of the reports, presented at the conference, demonstrates that the authors extensively expand their source base, reconsider the formal concept of war, raise new problems and questions, and apply new approaches to study war memories in general.

The article shows the content of the Nazi occupation policy in the North-West of Russia during the Great Patriotic war. Features of the German command's agricultural and tax policy in the occupied territory of the region are presented. To supply Nazi Germany and its armies, the economic resources of the occupied territories were used by exporting raw materials, food, equipment, and other material values. The local population was involved in mandatory work at enterprises, or sent to Germany. The occupation policy led to a significant deterioration of living conditions in the North-West of the Russia. The removal of food and warm clothing from citizens, their eviction from their homes, and the lack of medical care contributed to an increase in morbidity and mortality. The article shows the content of Nazi propaganda in the occupied territory of the North-West of the Russia.

The article analyzes the problems of land and administrative-territorial arrangement of free migrants who moved to the Volga-Caspian region in order to earn money from fishing. With the involvement of legislative documents and office materials, the authors consider attempts by local governments to resolve this issue. The difficulty was to find a solution that did not contradict the rules governing voluntary resettlement, as well as the Charter on Caspian Fishing and Seal Fisheries of 1865.

This article forms and substantiates the principles of reconstructing the experience of everyday life of children and adolescents in the occupied territory of the NorthWest of the RSFSR in 1941-1944. The authors show the peculiarities of the perception of occupation by children and adolescents on the basis of a comprehensive study of various sources (archival documents, diaries and post-war memories). The article shows that the image of war and occupation in children's perception is associated with constant hunger and the need to search for food, constant bombing, destruction and casualties, attempts to evacuate outside the occupied areas, life in the forests. Children and teenagers became eyewitnesses and victims of the punitive operations of the Nazis, their experiences during the occupation were associated with the loss of loved ones, labor mobilizations and forced labor in Germany.

After the expulsion of the Nazi invaders from the occupied areas of the Leningrad region, numerous facts of the extermination of peaceful Soviet citizens, including women, old people and children, the hijacking of the Soviet population for forced labor in Germany, the destruction and destruction of cities, villages and looting of property in these areas were revealed. December 28, 1945 The Military Tribunal of the Leningrad Military District has begun hearing the case of a group of former servicemen of the German army accused of mass crimes against the civilian population committed on the territory of the Leningrad Region during its occupation. During the judicial investigation, numerous facts of crimes against childhood were proved.

The article deals with the forms of repressive policy of the Nazi invaders in the Leningrad region, including propaganda actions, economic repression, mass arrests and evictions, the use of hostages and blackmail, support for false partisan groups and lone agents, executions, repressions on the basis of belonging to the partisan movement, and others. Such principles of repression as mass character, randomness of victims, disproportionality of punishment, and ruthlessness are highlighted and considered. Based on the analysis of a significant set of archival documents, the authors conclude that the crimes of the German invaders, their allies and accomplices influenced the development of the partisan movement and the strengthening of its support among the local population.

The article deals with the Nazi occupation policy on the border territory of Belarus and the North-West of Russia during the Great Patriotic War. The study of this problem is based on the materials of the Extraordinary State Commission and acts drawn up by the partisan command or underground authorities, as well as on the recollections of eyewitnesses of a later time. Mass graves of victims of Nazism found in Belarus and North-West Russia serve as reminders of the terrible days of the occupation.

The article is devoted to the organizational and legal foundations of the activities of the Stalingrad bodies of internal affairs and state security to establish the Nazi occupation regime and the administration that carried it out in 1942—1943. On the basis of archival materials, many of which are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time, the authors reveal the system of Hitler's occupation bodies, as well as the atrocities committed by their functionaries.

The article considers the role of the periodical press in organizing propaganda work in the North-West of Russia during the Great Patriotic War. The evaluation of Nazi and Soviet publications is given. The content of the occupation newspapers is presented, and the reasons for the success of Nazi propaganda in the first months of the occupation of the region are analyzed. The authors show the shortcomings of Soviet propaganda periodicals during this period, trace its transformation by the winter of 1941, and note its contribution to the liberation of the territory of the North-West of Russia from the invaders.

The article examines the formation and development of the honorary title "Hero City" during the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945 and in the postwar years, up to its official legalization in May 1965. Particular attention is paid to the criteria for conferring the title, establishing a logical connection between it and the phenomenon of mass heroism of the soldiers of the Soviet army and the population, the inclusion of the title "hero city" in the practice of collective awards, that has been the most widespread in the USSR. The paper also examines the commemorative practices to consolidate the title of "hero city" and the formation of a certain symbolic unity of the cities awarded it.

The article examines the content of the economic policy of the Nazi occupiers in the north-west of Russia during the Great Patriotic War, in particular, the organization of trade and taxation. Trade under occupation was one of the most important strategies for the survival of the civilian population. The article shows the features of its organization, analyzes market prices. During the occupation, natural commodity exchange flourished in the markets, which allowed the inhabitants of the region to receive food in conditions of famine. A significant decline in the standard of living of the population was caused by the tax policy of the Nazis, requisitions of agricultural products and looting. Both monetary and in-kind taxes were levied from the population.