Suchergebnisse

Intro -- Contents -- National Styles in Science, Diplomacy, and Science Diplomacy: a Case Study of the United Nations Security Council P5 Countries -- Abstract -- Keywords -- Part 1 -- Introduction: Science Diplomacy in the Making -- 1 Outline of the Study -- 1.1 The Problem of National Style in Science Diplomacy -- 1.2 Methodology -- 1.3 The Case Study -- 1.4 Science Diplomacy in Focus -- 2 Science Diplomacy in a Realism Loop -- 2.1 Why Realism? -- 2.2 Realism in IR Theories and Great Power Behaviour -- 2.3 Realism in Diplomatic Theories -- 2.4 Hypotheses of State Behaviour -- 3 National Style and Global Governance -- 3.1 National Style in Science -- 3.2 National Style in Diplomacy -- 3.3 The Universal and the National -- 3.4 National Style in Science Diplomacy and Global Governance -- Part 2 -- 4 United Kingdom -- 4.1 Scientific Pragmatism and Ethics -- 4.2 Diplomacy of Realism and Diplomacy of Possibility -- 4.3 A Trendsetter in Science Diplomacy -- 5 France -- 5.1 The Inseparability of the French State and Science -- 5.2 'Movement' Diplomacy and Diplomacy of 'Cohabitation' -- 5.3 Scientific and Cultural Diplomacy -- 6 The United States -- 6.1 American Science -- 6.2 Forward-deployed Diplomacy -- 6.3 A Science Diplomacy Leader -- 7 Russia -- 7.1 The Russian Century of Science -- 7.2 Network Diplomacy -- 7.3 Embracing the Potential of Science Diplomacy -- 8 China -- 8.1 A Non-Western Power -- 8.2 Chinese Syncretism -- 8.3 The Toolbox of Diplomacy -- Conclusion: Science Diplomacy in Perspective -- Acknowledgement -- References.

Der Beitrag versucht, die Rolle der Sprecherin des russischen Außenministeriums Marija Sacharowa aus Sicht der Public Diplomacy näher zu beschreiben, wenn es darum geht, die außenpolitische Agenda Russlands zu fördern, das Image des Landes in der internationalen Öffentlichkeit zu verbessern und die öffentliche Meinung zugunsten Russlands zu beeinflussen. Der Beitrag untersucht die offiziellen Pflichten und Aufgaben von Marija Sacharowa als Sprecherin des Außenministeriums, arbeitet die Strategien heraus, die sie in der Kommunikation mit dem jeweiligen Zielpublikum einsetzt, und führt einige Beispiele an, wie sehr fahrlässige Kommunikation über soziale Netzwerke ein Risiko für zwischenstaatliche Beziehungen darstellen kann.

Der Beitrag versucht, die Rolle der Sprecherin des russischen Außenministeriums Marija Sacharowa aus Sicht der Public Diplomacy näher zu beschreiben, wenn es darum geht, die außenpolitische Agenda Russlands zu fördern, das Image des Landes in der internationalen Öffentlichkeit zu verbessern und die öffentliche Meinung zugunsten Russlands zu beeinflussen. Der Beitrag untersucht die offiziellen Pflichten und Aufgaben von Marija Sacharowa als Sprecherin des Außenministeriums, arbeitet die Strategien heraus, die sie in der Kommunikation mit dem jeweiligen Zielpublikum einsetzt, und führt einige Beispiele an, wie sehr fahrlässige Kommunikation über soziale Netzwerke ein Risiko für zwischenstaatliche Beziehungen darstellen kann.

Summary
The 1958 Lacy-Zarubin agreement on cultural, educational and scientific exchanges marked decades of people-to-people exchanges between the United States and the Soviet Union. Despite the Cold War tensions and mutually propagated adversarial images, the exchanges had never been interrupted and remained unbroken until the Soviet Union dissolved. This essay argues that due to the 1958 general agreement and a number of co-operative agreements that had the status of treaties and international acts issued under the authority of the US State Department and the Soviet Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the exchanges could not proceed without diplomatic supervision. This peculiarity puts academic and technical exchanges specifically into the framework of science diplomacy, which is considered a diplomatic tool for implementing a nation state's foreign policy goals determined by political power.

AbstractScience diplomacy is becoming an important tool by which states can more effectively promote and secure their foreign policy agendas. Recognising the role science plays at national and international levels and identifying a state's national diplomatic style can help to construct a 'national style' in science diplomacy. In turn, understanding science diplomacy can help one evaluate a state's potential for global governance and to address global issues on a systematic scale. By using a Realist framework and by testing proposed hypotheses, this study highlights how different national styles in science diplomacy affect competition between major powers and their shared responsibility for global problems. This study adds to our general understanding of the practice of diplomacy as it intersects with the sciences.

Summary
The article explores the Apollo–Soyuz Test Project (ASTP) of 1975, the first joint US–USSR space flight, which was embedded in the wider political, ideological and cultural contexts of the Cold War. The ASTP can be viewed through the lens of science diplomacy (SD). The data, drawn from available sources and memoirs, highlights the phenomenological approach in people-to-people interaction to analyse paths, processes and timeline dependence in such cooperation. The Weberian model of generalization and the path dependency theory of constructing an ideal type were used as the study's theoretical frameworks. An ideal type of SD is viewed not as universal, but as a heuristic device that can be contrasted and compared with other recognized cases of SD. The significance of utilizing an ideal type of SD is to maintain mechanisms and networks effectively between countries through science and technology-related joint projects when political relations are strained or limited.