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National audience ; This paper introduces a multi-agent framework for assessing regional control strategies for infectious animal diseases. The formalization of farmers' behaviors allowed us to compare territorial control strategies accounting for the heterogeneity of agents and of their interactions. NetLogo simulations showed contrasted spatio-temporal patterns of the evolution of disease severity at a territorial scale. They were compared to an analytical model. We also assessed the efficiency of public policies. ; Cet article propose un cadre d'analyse multi-agents pour l'évaluation de stratégies de maîtrise des maladies animales infectieuses à l'échelle d'un territoire. La formalisation des comportements des éleveurs a permis de comparer des scénarii de maîtrise de la maladie à l'échelle du territoire tenant compte de l'hétérogénéité des agents et de leurs interactions. Les simulations, réalisées sous NetLogo, ont montré l'émergence de patterns spatio-temporels contrastés d'évolution de la sévérité de la maladie à l'échelle du territoire, et de les comparer à un cadre analytique. Les travaux réalisés ont également permis d'évaluer l'efficacité d'interventions publiques.

National audience ; This paper introduces a multi-agent framework for assessing regional control strategies for infectious animal diseases. The formalization of farmers' behaviors allowed us to compare territorial control strategies accounting for the heterogeneity of agents and of their interactions. NetLogo simulations showed contrasted spatio-temporal patterns of the evolution of disease severity at a territorial scale. They were compared to an analytical model. We also assessed the efficiency of public policies. ; Cet article propose un cadre d'analyse multi-agents pour l'évaluation de stratégies de maîtrise des maladies animales infectieuses à l'échelle d'un territoire. La formalisation des comportements des éleveurs a permis de comparer des scénarii de maîtrise de la maladie à l'échelle du territoire tenant compte de l'hétérogénéité des agents et de leurs interactions. Les simulations, réalisées sous NetLogo, ont montré l'émergence de patterns spatio-temporels contrastés d'évolution de la sévérité de la maladie à l'échelle du territoire, et de les comparer à un cadre analytique. Les travaux réalisés ont également permis d'évaluer l'efficacité d'interventions publiques.

The growing concern of the selection of bacteria resistant to antimicrobials and their possible transmissions to humans lead French Authorities to implement several legislative measures to decrease antimicrobial use in livestock production. This context leads to question whether the demand of antimicrobials could be regarded as a simple demand of agricultural input, or rather as a demand of an input with distinctive effects, submitted to regulatory prescription. In this paper, the accuracy of the regulatory measures implemented by the Authorities are assessed, regarding the whole factors gathered in a conceptual framework enlightening the decision-making process of antimicrobial use. Lastly, other alternative policies are described. ; La sélection de bactéries résistantes aux antibiotiques transmissibles à l'homme, induite par l'usage des antibiotiques en productions animales, pousse les pouvoirs publics à réduire leur utilisation, dans le cadre du Plan Ecoantibio 2012-2017 et de la Loi d'Avenir pour l'Agriculture. Cet article questionne la pertinence des mesures en cours d'implémentation par les administrations françaises au regard d'un cadre d'analyse, regroupant dans un modèle conceptuel l'ensemble des facteurs sanitaires, économiques et institutionnels déterminant la demande d'antibiotiques. La compréhension des clés d'usage des antibiotiques, produit banal et substituable, ou au contraire ressource particulière, soumise à prescription, permet également d'envisager d'autres politiques de réduction.

In the moving context of research on animal health, a collective discussion has been carried out on its issues, special features and synergism with biomedical research. Strongly enhanced by WHO, FAO and OIE, the issues of animal health are important and deal with food security, agriculture economics and all economical activities that follow from it. Others are related to public health (zoonoses, xenobiotics, antimicrobial resistance), environment and animal welfare. Research on animal health has got special features concerning methodology and scientific questions, among others the particular biological nature of domestic species and breeding practices. Scientific questions are not similar to those of biomedical research, even if dealing with the same pathogens; connected to the other animal sciences (genetics, physiology, animal breeding), research on animal health takes root in a very specific agricultural and economical reality. Nevertheless, generic and methodological synergies do exist with biomedical research, particularly concerning biological tools and models. Some domestic species like pig have functional similarities with Humans, better than with mouse or rat. Thus, the peculiarity of research on animal health compared to biomedical research should be considered in its organisation, evaluation and funding, through a political recognition of specific issues. Simultaneously, the one health approach should facilitate a thorough collaboration between biomedical research and research on animal health, at the levels of research teams and research programmes. ; Dans le contexte très évolutif de la recherche en santé animale, une réflexion sur ses enjeux, ses spécificités et ses synergies avec la recherche biomédicale, a été conduite à l'initiative de l'INRA. Affirmés au premier chef par l'OMS, la FAO et l'OIE, les enjeux en santé animale, hors des maladies transmissibles à l'Homme, sont énormes et touchent à la sécurité alimentaire, l'économie de l'agriculture et l'ensemble des activités économiques qui en ...

In the moving context of research on animal health, a collective discussion has been carried out on its issues, special features and synergism with biomedical research. Strongly enhanced by WHO, FAO and OIE, the issues of animal health are important and deal with food security, agriculture economics and all economical activities that follow from it. Others are related to public health (zoonoses, xenobiotics, antimicrobial resistance), environment and animal welfare. Research on animal health has got special features concerning methodology and scientific questions, among others the particular biological nature of domestic species and breeding practices. Scientific questions are not similar to those of biomedical research, even if dealing with the same pathogens; connected to the other animal sciences (genetics, physiology, animal breeding), research on animal health takes root in a very specific agricultural and economical reality. Nevertheless, generic and methodological synergies do exist with biomedical research, particularly concerning biological tools and models. Some domestic species like pig have functional similarities with Humans, better than with mouse or rat. Thus, the peculiarity of research on animal health compared to biomedical research should be considered in its organisation, evaluation and funding, through a political recognition of specific issues. Simultaneously, the one health approach should facilitate a thorough collaboration between biomedical research and research on animal health, at the levels of research teams and research programmes. ; Dans le contexte très évolutif de la recherche en santé animale, une réflexion sur ses enjeux, ses spécificités et ses synergies avec la recherche biomédicale, a été conduite à l'initiative de l'INRA. Affirmés au premier chef par l'OMS, la FAO et l'OIE, les enjeux en santé animale, hors des maladies transmissibles à l'Homme, sont énormes et touchent à la sécurité alimentaire, l'économie de l'agriculture et l'ensemble des activités économiques qui en ...

In the moving context of research on animal health, a collective discussion has been carried out on its issues, special features and synergism with biomedical research. Strongly enhanced by WHO, FAO and OIE, the issues of animal health are important and deal with food security, agriculture economics and all economical activities that follow from it. Others are related to public health (zoonoses, xenobiotics, antimicrobial resistance), environment and animal welfare. Research on animal health has got special features concerning methodology and scientific questions, among others the particular biological nature of domestic species and breeding practices. Scientific questions are not similar to those of biomedical research, even if dealing with the same pathogens; connected to the other animal sciences (genetics, physiology, animal breeding), research on animal health takes root in a very specific agricultural and economical reality. Nevertheless, generic and methodological synergies do exist with biomedical research, particularly concerning biological tools and models. Some domestic species like pig have functional similarities with Humans, better than with mouse or rat. Thus, the peculiarity of research on animal health compared to biomedical research should be considered in its organisation, evaluation and funding, through a political recognition of specific issues. Simultaneously, the one health approach should facilitate a thorough collaboration between biomedical research and research on animal health, at the levels of research teams and research programmes. ; Dans le contexte très évolutif de la recherche en santé animale, une réflexion sur ses enjeux, ses spécificités et ses synergies avec la recherche biomédicale, a été conduite à l'initiative de l'INRA. Affirmés au premier chef par l'OMS, la FAO et l'OIE, les enjeux en santé animale, hors des maladies transmissibles à l'Homme, sont énormes et touchent à la sécurité alimentaire, l'économie de l'agriculture et l'ensemble des activités économiques qui en ...

In the moving context of research on animal health, a collective discussion has been carried out on its issues, special features and synergism with biomedical research. Strongly enhanced by WHO, FAO and OIE, the issues of animal health are important and deal with food security, agriculture economics and all economical activities that follow from it. Others are related to public health (zoonoses, xenobiotics, antimicrobial resistance), environment and animal welfare. Research on animal health has got special features concerning methodology and scientific questions, among others the particular biological nature of domestic species and breeding practices. Scientific questions are not similar to those of biomedical research, even if dealing with the same pathogens; connected to the other animal sciences (genetics, physiology, animal breeding), research on animal health takes root in a very specific agricultural and economical reality. Nevertheless, generic and methodological synergies do exist with biomedical research, particularly concerning biological tools and models. Some domestic species like pig have functional similarities with Humans, better than with mouse or rat. Thus, the peculiarity of research on animal health compared to biomedical research should be considered in its organisation, evaluation and funding, through a political recognition of specific issues. Simultaneously, the one health approach should facilitate a thorough collaboration between biomedical research and research on animal health, at the levels of research teams and research programmes. ; Dans le contexte très évolutif de la recherche en santé animale, une réflexion sur ses enjeux, ses spécificités et ses synergies avec la recherche biomédicale, a été conduite à l'initiative de l'INRA. Affirmés au premier chef par l'OMS, la FAO et l'OIE, les enjeux en santé animale, hors des maladies transmissibles à l'Homme, sont énormes et touchent à la sécurité alimentaire, l'économie de l'agriculture et l'ensemble des activités économiques qui en ...

In the moving context of research on animal health, a collective discussion has been carried out on its issues, special features and synergism with biomedical research. Strongly enhanced by WHO, FAO and OIE, the issues of animal health are important and deal with food security, agriculture economics and all economical activities that follow from it. Others are related to public health (zoonoses, xenobiotics, antimicrobial resistance), environment and animal welfare. Research on animal health has got special features concerning methodology and scientific questions, among others the particular biological nature of domestic species and breeding practices. Scientific questions are not similar to those of biomedical research, even if dealing with the same pathogens; connected to the other animal sciences (genetics, physiology, animal breeding), research on animal health takes root in a very specific agricultural and economical reality. Nevertheless, generic and methodological synergies do exist with biomedical research, particularly concerning biological tools and models. Some domestic species like pig have functional similarities with Humans, better than with mouse or rat. Thus, the peculiarity of research on animal health compared to biomedical research should be considered in its organisation, evaluation and funding, through a political recognition of specific issues. Simultaneously, the one health approach should facilitate a thorough collaboration between biomedical research and research on animal health, at the levels of research teams and research programmes. ; Dans le contexte très évolutif de la recherche en santé animale, une réflexion sur ses enjeux, ses spécificités et ses synergies avec la recherche biomédicale, a été conduite à l'initiative de l'INRA. Affirmés au premier chef par l'OMS, la FAO et l'OIE, les enjeux en santé animale, hors des maladies transmissibles à l'Homme, sont énormes et touchent à la sécurité alimentaire, l'économie de l'agriculture et l'ensemble des activités économiques qui en ...

In the moving context of research on animal health, a collective discussion has been carried out on its issues, special features and synergism with biomedical research. Strongly enhanced by WHO, FAO and OIE, the issues of animal health are important and deal with food security, agriculture economics and all economical activities that follow from it. Others are related to public health (zoonoses, xenobiotics, antimicrobial resistance), environment and animal welfare. Research on animal health has got special features concerning methodology and scientific questions, among others the particular biological nature of domestic species and breeding practices. Scientific questions are not similar to those of biomedical research, even if dealing with the same pathogens; connected to the other animal sciences (genetics, physiology, animal breeding), research on animal health takes root in a very specific agricultural and economical reality. Nevertheless, generic and methodological synergies do exist with biomedical research, particularly concerning biological tools and models. Some domestic species like pig have functional similarities with Humans, better than with mouse or rat. Thus, the peculiarity of research on animal health compared to biomedical research should be considered in its organisation, evaluation and funding, through a political recognition of specific issues. Simultaneously, the one health approach should facilitate a thorough collaboration between biomedical research and research on animal health, at the levels of research teams and research programmes. ; Dans le contexte très évolutif de la recherche en santé animale, une réflexion sur ses enjeux, ses spécificités et ses synergies avec la recherche biomédicale, a été conduite à l'initiative de l'INRA. Affirmés au premier chef par l'OMS, la FAO et l'OIE, les enjeux en santé animale, hors des maladies transmissibles à l'Homme, sont énormes et touchent à la sécurité alimentaire, l'économie de l'agriculture et l'ensemble des activités économiques qui en ...

In the moving context of research on animal health, a collective discussion has been carried out on its issues, special features and synergism with biomedical research. Strongly enhanced by WHO, FAO and OIE, the issues of animal health are important and deal with food security, agriculture economics and all economical activities that follow from it. Others are related to public health (zoonoses, xenobiotics, antimicrobial resistance), environment and animal welfare. Research on animal health has got special features concerning methodology and scientific questions, among others the particular biological nature of domestic species and breeding practices. Scientific questions are not similar to those of biomedical research, even if dealing with the same pathogens; connected to the other animal sciences (genetics, physiology, animal breeding), research on animal health takes root in a very specific agricultural and economical reality. Nevertheless, generic and methodological synergies do exist with biomedical research, particularly concerning biological tools and models. Some domestic species like pig have functional similarities with Humans, better than with mouse or rat. Thus, the peculiarity of research on animal health compared to biomedical research should be considered in its organisation, evaluation and funding, through a political recognition of specific issues. Simultaneously, the one health approach should facilitate a thorough collaboration between biomedical research and research on animal health, at the levels of research teams and research programmes. ; Dans le contexte très évolutif de la recherche en santé animale, une réflexion sur ses enjeux, ses spécificités et ses synergies avec la recherche biomédicale, a été conduite à l'initiative de l'INRA. Affirmés au premier chef par l'OMS, la FAO et l'OIE, les enjeux en santé animale, hors des maladies transmissibles à l'Homme, sont énormes et touchent à la sécurité alimentaire, l'économie de l'agriculture et l'ensemble des activités économiques qui en ...

Dans le contexte très évolutif de la recherche en santé animale, une réflexion sur ses enjeux, ses spécificités et ses synergies avec la recherche biomédicale, a été conduite à l'initiative de l'INRA. Affirmés au premier chef par l'OMS, la FAO et l'OIE, les enjeux en santé animale, hors des maladies transmissibles à l'Homme, sont énormes et touchent à la sécurité alimentaire, l'économie de l'agriculture et l'ensemble des activités économiques qui en découlent. S'y ajoutent les enjeux de santé publique (zoonoses, xénobiotiques, antibiorésistance), environnementaux et de bien-être animal. La recherche en santé animale présente des spécificités d'ordre méthodologique et scientifique, liées notamment aux particularités biologiques des espèces domestiques et aux pratiques d'élevage. Elle n'a pas les mêmes questionnements scientifiques qu'en biologie humaine même lorsqu'elle traite des mêmes agents pathogènes et, connectée aux autres sciences animales (génétique, physiologie, zootechnie), elle s'enracine dans une réalité agricole et économique très spécifique. Des synergies génériques et méthodologiques existent néanmoins avec la recherche biomédicale, en particulier autour des outils et des modèles biologiques. Certaines espèces domestiques (tel le porc) présentent en outre des similitudes fonctionnelles avec l'Homme, plus que le rongeur de laboratoire. Ainsi la singularité de la recherche en santé animale par rapport à la recherche en biologie humaine devrait être prise en compte dans son organisation, son évaluation et son financement, via une politique de reconnaissance des enjeux spécifiques. Simultanément, l'approche one health devrait faciliter une collaboration approfondie entre recherche en biologie humaine et recherche en santé animale, à l'échelle des équipes ou des programmes. ; In the moving context of research on animal health, a collective discussion has been carried out on its issues, special features and synergism with biomedical research. Strongly enhanced by WHO, FAO and OIE, the issues of animal health are important and deal with food security, agriculture economics and all economical activities that follow from it. Others are related to public health (zoonoses, xenobiotics, antimicrobial resistance), environment and animal welfare. Research on animal health has got special features concerning methodology and scientific questions, among others the particular biological nature of domestic species and breeding practices. Scientific questions are not similar to those of biomedical research, even if dealing with the same pathogens; connected to the other animal sciences (genetics, physiology, animal breeding), research on animal health takes root in a very specific agricultural and economical reality. Nevertheless, generic and methodological synergies do exist with biomedical research, particularly concerning biological tools and models. Some domestic species like pig have functional similarities with Humans, better than with mouse or rat. Thus, the peculiarity of research on animal health compared to biomedical research should be considered in its organisation, evaluation and funding, through a political recognition of specific issues. Simultaneously, the one health approach should facilitate a thorough collaboration between biomedical research and research on animal health, at the levels of research teams and research programmes.