Suchergebnisse

This paper looks at the development of the Unified Workers' Central of Brazil (CUT) during the four consecutive Workers' Party (PT) governments, first under Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva and later under Dilma Rousseff. The analysis draws on various aspects of the power resources approach, but focuses specifically on institutional power. The government found it politically difficult to implement a left-wing programme, due to the complex nature of the ruling coalition and its conservative opposition in the broader context of neo-liberal hegemony and financial globalisation. By continuing to establish dialogue with social movements, the PT governments stimulated forms of social participation in developing public policies, reinforcing existing institutions and creating new ones. By using its institutional power, the CUT was able to strengthen its participation in public institutions. There were hardly any substantial debates on labour or employment conducted without the CUT's participation. On the other hand, the privileged spaces in the labour arena did not achieve structural changes capable of redefining the country's development model and the standard of work regulation.

This paper looks at the development of the Unified Workers' Central of Brazil (CUT) during the four consecutive Workers' Party (PT) governments, first under Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva and later under Dilma Rousseff. The analysis draws on various aspects of the power resources approach, but focuses specifically on institutional power. The government found it politically difficult to implement a left-wing programme, due to the complex nature of the ruling coalition and its conservative opposition in the broader context of neo-liberal hegemony and financial globalisation. By continuing to establish dialogue with social movements, the PT governments stimulated forms of social participation in developing public policies, reinforcing existing institutions and creating new ones. By using its institutional power, the CUT was able to strengthen its participation in public institutions. There were hardly any substantial debates on labour or employment conducted without the CUT's participation. On the other hand, the privileged spaces in the labour arena did not achieve structural changes capable of redefining the country's development model and the standard of work regulation.

In its 12 years in government, Brazil's Partido dos Trabalhadores (Workers' Party—PT) promoted inclusion through the labor market and through consumption with an increase in labor flexibility. Despite an increase in employment and incomes, the increase in the heterogeneity of the labor market and in flexibilization has resulted in a deepening of the insecurity and vulnerability of workers in line with the new trends that contemporary capitalism imposes on labor. These trends are being deepened in the postimpeachment situation. Em 12 anos de governo o PT promoveu um importante movimento de inclusão pelo mercado de trabalho e pelo consumo com avanço da flexibilidade laboral. Apesar do crescimento do emprego e da renda, o alargamento da heterogeneidade do mercado de trabalho e o avanço da flexibilização resultaram no aprofundamento da condição de insegurança e vulnerabilidade dos trabalhadores em linha com as novas tendências que o capitalismo contemporâneo impõe ao trabalho. Essas tendências estão sendo aprofundadas no cenário pós-impeachment.

Resumo O artigo analisa a atuação do Sindicato dos Bancários de São Paulo durante os anos 2000 para a manutenção de sua representatividade e legitimidade em um contexto em que a financeirização do capital reconfigura a categoria dos bancários e coloca crescentes desafios às formas de ação coletiva. O artigo contextualiza as mudanças recentes no sistema financeiro brasileiro e identifica suas consequências sobre o perfil do bancário. Finalmente, analisam-se as estratégias adotadas pelo Sindicato que, apesar de lograrem dialogar com os interesses imediatos dos trabalhadores, tenderam a dificultar a universalização das demandas.

This article examines the evolution of labour informality in Brazil between 2003 and 2019, a period marked by strong political, economic and social inflections. In the first section, we offer a brief reflection on the terms of the historical debate on informality and its relation to the transformations of the Brazilian economy. In section two we describe the remarkable process of labour formalisation that took place in the country between 2003 and 2014, pointing out its exceptionality and principal determinants. In section three, we note the reversal of this formalisation trend. With the recession of 2015–2016, informal and precarious work increased sharply, exacerbated by newly flexible labour laws and the emergence of new precarious labour relations. We conclude that the Brazilian experience in this new century shows that the formalisation of labour relations is strongly related to more general conditions of economic development and the solidity of public institutions. Furthermore, and in contrast to the views held in mainstream economics, initiatives to simplify and ease the regulatory framework appear to coexist with increasing levels of precariousness and informal work. KEYWORDS: labour informality; Brazilian labour market; public policy; labour regulation; gig economy

O artigo estabelece uma relação entre a dinâmica do capitalismo contemporâneo no Brasil e os desafios para a discussão de uma regulação pública do trabalho. O debate no Brasil considera os seguintes aspectos: 1) as mudanças no capitalismo contemporâneo vêm apresentando implicações desfavoráveis à regulação pública do trabalho e à ação coletiva dos trabalhadores; 2) a retomada do crescimento da economia possibilitou redefinir os termos do debate do trabalho no Brasil; 3) a crise atual coloca em discussão a possibilidade de o Estado ter um papel mais ativo no desenvolvimento da economia; 4) as tendências demográficas vêm aumentando o peso da PEA adulta, o que traz implicações para o funcionamento do mercado de trabalho. As posições se localizam entre dois polos: 1) a defesa de uma estruturação do mercado de trabalho com implicações na qualidade das relações sociais; 2) a afirmação dos negócios, que destaca a necessidade de maior flexibilização na contratação, no uso e na remuneração do trabalho.

In recent years, Brazil has seen an increase in formal employment, the raising of the minimum wage, a recovery in the purchasing power of the average wage, a drop in open unemployment and curbs on unprotected subcontracting. Average household incomes have risen and poverty has declined. How was this achieved? This paper argues that a minimum wage revaluation policy, broader social security coverage, income transfers and improved wage bargaining have all contributed to a reduction in inequality. The shift in labour market indicators is, they believe, conditioned by Brazil's economic dynamics, public policy on the raising of incomes, and a legal and institutional framework in which the public institutions and the trade unions play a prominent role. The authors advocate the creation of a development model that distributes income and dignifies citizens.