Suchergebnisse

In this article I discuss the boards of compulsory schools in mainly Denmark and Sweden to a less extent where parents are in majority. Questions of interest for my study are: Why is parental interest in being elected to school boards so low? Why do teachers react negatively to questions about school boards? How are the various interests of teachers, pupils, parents and politicians balanced in the actual partnership? What impact do neo-liberalism and marketplace policies have on the participation of parents in schools? All the questions emanate from the paradox that traditional Danish ways of ensuring parental influence no longer seem to work with the current type of school boards. Utilizing concepts from the frame factor theory I explore the consequences of this for school boards. Data collection is designed as case studies and the methods used are interviews, participation in board meetings, school visits and document analysis. The conclusion shows that school boards are complex and even contradictory. Politicians´ aims regarding boards are not clear. Boards cannot be a relevant response to the political threat from private school policy or a general solution to problems of local democracy.

This article comments on the development of school boards in Sweden. These boards are elected with parents in majority in compulsory schools. Data were gathered through interviews, observations and analysis of documents (e.g., school board minutes). The results indicate that different interests are not adequately balanced on the boards. Communication between the board and parents not on the board was unsatisfactory in many cases and such parents felt excluded from the board's activity. The principal's collaboration with the board's chairperson was an important influence on the board. Evaluation, support and feedback from the local school authority were often neglected. These developments are linked to the transfer of welfare policy in Sweden and to the resultant market-oriented political governance. Partnership became the new prestige word. Parents are today seen as individual consumers in a market, yet if they become board members, they are expected to make decisions for all parents. Parental influence is increased in the schools, but the net effect may increase differences between pupils and between parents since the parents are never a homogenous group. The state implementation of local school boards in Sweden and in many countries is, therefore, complex and is reflected in the weak interest shown towards the top-down creation of boards.

On 25th May 2018, the European Union and its Member States adopted a new data protection regulation, the GDPR. The territorial scope of the GDPR is worldwide. All persons, natural or legal, who process personal data covering EU citizens are obliged to comply with the GDPR. It is not necessary that the processing is carried out within the European Union. The mere fact that a person either offers goods and/or services to EU citizens or monitors the behaviour of EU citizens makes the GDPR applicable. It appear in most cases that E-commerce businesses based outside the EU offering goods or services to EU citizens also process personal data covering natural persons, and therefore they are obliged to comply with the GDPR. This article includes an explanation of the GDPR as well as a discussion on certain more problematic issues.

In this article I discuss the boards of compulsory schools in mainly Denmark and Sweden to a less extent where parents are in majority. Questions of interest for my study are: Why is parental interest in being elected to school boards so low? Why do teachers react negatively to questions about school boards? How are the various interests of teachers, pupils, parents and politicians balanced in the actual partnership? What impact do neo-liberalism and marketplace policies have on the participation of parents in schools? All the questions emanate from the paradox that traditional Danish ways of ensuring parental influence no longer seem to work with the current type of school boards. Utilizing concepts from the frame factor theory I explore the consequences of this for school boards. Data collection is designed as case studies and the methods used are interviews, participation in board meetings, school visits and document analysis. The conclusion shows that school boards are complex and even contradictory. Politicians´ aims regarding boards are not clear. Boards cannot be a relevant response to the political threat from private school policy or a general solution to problems of local democracy.

Validation of genetic testing is a multidisciplinary task that involves medical/clinical geneticists, other medical specialists, legislative authorities and the public. It is an area in which many issues are unresolved. Validation should not focus on the laboratory process alone, but should also include the prerequisites for service delivery, such as education and staffing, data collection and banking and information transfer, as well as pre- and post-test genetic counselling in a cost-effective perspective. It must thus be seen as an ongoing process at laboratory, familial and societal levels which involves many different actors. The challenges for the near future are to continue to develop technical standards for the laboratory and counselling procedures, and, in collaboration among professionals, lay persons and state authorities, to define a legal framework for the actions of the various players. This chapter discusses some problems related to the validation process for genetic testing, broadly defined.

Arising from the work of two well-attended seminars, this volume concentrates on highly topical issues in European Law - current problems in the enforcement of human rights in Europe, and the Accession of EU to the European Convention on Human Rights.

This poem is a reflection on the contradictions inherent to futures work. Pasts, presents and futures fold in on each other and this is reflected in the deliberately tribal image offered by Kristoffersson. In both image and poem lies biography and memory both personal and also epochal. Time is sticky and we must deal with that as best we can.

Research topic/aim: Collaboration between home and school has been emphasized in Sweden during the last decades, which is regarded as an important but complex issue. The background to this accelerated requirement has been the changes in education policy and in society in which the importance of parents' opportunities and rights to influence preschool and compulsory education based on the democratic values has been highlighted. This study adds value to current teacher and pupil development in Sweden. The specific objectives are: To map the system, policies, curricular and resources dealing with home-school collaboration on macro level and to analyze practices and perspectives on home-school collaboration on micro level in Sweden.Theoretical framework:In this study a social-cultural perspective are used to explore and understand the complexity between the actors involved in the relationship. Governance and partnership are key concepts applied to the analysis of data. Methodology/research design: The research design is action research and case study method. Data were gathered through interviews, observations and analysis of documents.Expectyed conclusions/findings: This study will give an understanding of teachers', parents' and pupils' attitudes, experiences and identify some useful model of home-school relationship and collaboration. Examples from practice show that teacher education programs in Sweden are in need of development as well as development of a more culture sensitive curriculum. Another important area is to give education in dialogue attitudes for teachers on the field and also find out how research results can be implemented.Relevance for Nordic Educational research: Parents and pupils role in school is of interest to be shared with other countries. An increased investment is needed on research that means to contribute to an increased understanding within the field of home and school. ; Godkänd; 2010; 20100428 (ysko)

We investigated the content and extent of education in medical/clinical genetics among Swedish universities, university colleges and colleges of health providing undergraduate education for medical doctors and nurses. In addition, selected medical specialist training programmes and programmes for midwifes and district nurses were analysed to detect elements of education or training in medical/clinical genetics. The main results are that, although basic cell biology is taught during the first semesters in all educations, there is little or no genetics taught during the clinical parts of the educational programmes. Moreover, with regard to post-graduate education, it is almost absent. There is a need to improve education and training in genetics for all health care professionals to meet the expected increase in genetic issues in clinical medicine.

Part I: Introduction -- 1. A Plea for True Harmonization in Europe -- J Michael Rainer -- Part II: Europeanisation of Private Law Throughout History -- 2. The Historical Roman Roots of 'Continental' Law Systems -- Daniele Mattiangeli and Lisa Katharina Promok -- Part III: Harmonisation of Private Law in the EU: Comparative and Global Perspectives -- 3. The Influence of European Initiatives in National Courts-The Case of the Spanish Supreme Court -- Yolanda Bergel Sainz de Baranda -- 4. Unjust Enrichment in Swedish and EU Law -- Eleonor Kristoffersson -- 5. Comparative Property Law and the Profound Differences between Nordic Functionalism and Continental -- Substantialism-The (Ir)Relevance of Ownership -- Johan Sandstedt -- 6. Private International Law Aspects of Substantive Law Harmonisation -- Carolina Saf -- 7. Global Business: National Law, EU Law and International Customs and Contracts -- Lars Gorton -- Part IV: The Future of European Private Law -- 8. What Happened to the Harmonisation of Securities Law in the EU? -- Karin Wallin-Norman -- 9. E Pluribus Unum? A Constitutional Perspective on the Pluralism and the Unity of European Private Law -- Ola Zetterquist

Gender Issues in Private International Law -- The Reproduction of Gender Difference and Heteronormativity in Family Law -- Family Matters: Gender, Community and Personal Laws in India -- Compensation for Damages Suffered by Women Performing Unpaid Domestic Work -- The Best Interests of the Child and Gender Perspective -- Gender Perspective of Development of Labour Law -- Leading or Breeding; Looking Ahead – Gender Segregation in the Labour Market and the Equal Distribution of Family Responsibilities -- Legal Approaches to Protection Against Gender-Based Violence and Harassment at Work with a Particular Focus on the Situation in the Republic of North Macedonia -- Digital Work and Gender Equality -- Gender Discrimination: Procedural Issues Between Procedural Autonomy, EU Provisions and Effectiveness of Judicial Protection -- Gender Perspectives in Mediation.