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Institutions and the Norms That Help Maintain Stability -- The Multiple Laboratories of Democracy -- The Federal Part of the Institution -- Acquiring Voting Rights -- Exercising the Right to Vote -- Finding the Time and Place to Vote -- Counting the Votes -- Choosing Voters: Redistricting and Re-Apportionment -- Implications of Institutionalism for Democracy

Theory suggests that ranked choice voting (RCV) may create a more civil campaign environment. As voters must rank candidates, the candidates have an incentive to work with each other more collaboratively. This study uses text analysis software (LIWC) to examine candidate tweets and newspaper articles in RCV versus specifically-chosen plurality cities for evidence of positivity or negativity. In quantitatively comparing the tweets, the results are mixed among the cities. Qualitatively, candidates seem to be more likely to engage each other in RCV cities than in plurality cities. Using LIWC to analyze newspaper articles for campaign tone, one can see that RCV city articles have significantly more positive than negative words. This is the first published study to use direct campaign communication data to study RCV elections and campaign civility. This research validates survey research indicating that citizens perceive RCV campaigns are more civil.

We have kept our republic through a variety of localized disasters and various problem elections. The research presented here highlights the field of "Election Science and Administration" (ESA). Research in our field maximize our probability of continuing to keep our republic—even in the face of a pandemic which is a national—and international challenge. As the United States and the world deal with the specter of a pandemic election, the growth of the scholarly field designed to advocate for transparency in data collection and to improve the quality of elections is more important than ever.

Objectives.The logic of collective action suggests that public broadcasting stations should not receive the empirically observed level of member support they do. Why do people contribute to public television when they can view it without contributing?Methods.The hypothesis tested is that "norms of cooperation" govern the behavior of individuals in collective action situations. This article tests the hypothesis with an original survey of public television viewers in three large communities.Results.The survey data provide support for the "norms of cooperation" hypothesis. The higher the level of characteristics of an individual that measure cooperation, the more likely the individual is to give to public broadcasting, all other factors being equal.Conclusions.Norms of cooperation—an important part of social capital—help overcome the logic of collective action where it concerns public television contributions.

In Missouri, advance or early voting has been considered by the General Assembly not necessarily because it may increase turnout, but because it is convenient for voters and could ease the problems of election administration such as those experienced in St. Louis. Historically, voters across the nation have been allowed to vote absentee, primarily due to illness or absence from the jurisdiction on Election Day.1 Early or advance voting is a relatively recent development that permits voters to vote before Election Day for any reason. They may vote at a satellite location (such as a mall, grocery store or library), at the county clerk's offi ce (or the election board office in jurisdictions with election boards), or other county office, as determined by the "election authority". Some states offer liberalized absentee voting, where voters may vote absentee, often by mail, with no excuse at all as an alternative to early voting. These mechanisms offer somewhat different opportunities and present different challenges than advance voting but, more importantly, they are not under consideration in Missouri. Consequently, they are not examined here. ; Includes bibliographical references

This book explores how the United States institutions of democracy have affected a citizen's ability to participate in politics. The 2000 election and the ensuing decade of research demonstrated that the institutions of elections vitally affect participation. This book examines turnout and vote choice, as well as elections as an institution, administration of elections and the intermediaries that affect a citizen's ability to cast a vote as intended. Kropf traces the institutions of franchise from the Constitutional Convention through the 2012 election and the general themes of how institutions have changed increasing, democratization and production federal growth over time in the United States.