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The disruptions of trade flows due to military conflicts leads to changes in economic structures of countries, to the subsequent changes in trade policies, and to the changes of established trade patterns with impact on position of countries in international trade system. This paper deals with three modern time's conflicts: Napoleonic Wars, WWI and WWII. We argue that the changes resulting from the disruption of trade flows itself, leads to changes and shifts which are relatively permanent, independent on outcomes of the conflicts for individual countries, and do significantly affect regions which did not take part in the conflict.

Intro -- CONTENT -- Introduction -- 1. INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND POWER -GOALS AND MEANS OF TRADE POLICYIN HIS TORICAL PERSPECTIVE -- 1.1. Goals and Means of Trade Policy during Antiquity, in Medieval Europe, and in Asia before European Expansion -- 1.2. European Trade: Italian Intermediation, Dutch Efficiency, Clash between England and the Hanseatic League over the Baltic, and the Expulsion of Italian States from the Mediterranean -- 1.3. Italian, Portuguese, Dutch, and British Intermediationof Asian Goods, and Trade Policies in Asia in the Wake of European Expansion -- 1.4. Transatlantic Trade: Territorial Empires in the New Worldand the Clash over Re-Exports -- 1.5. Mercantilist Wars: Confrontation over Trade in the Mediterranean and England's Wars against Holland and France -- 1.6. British Hegemony in the Nineteenth Century: Changes in Trade Patterns and Imperialism -- 1.7. The Inter-war Period: Discontinuity of the System? -- 1.8. US Hegemony and the Creation of a Free Trade Zone as Consequences of Historical Development -- 2. NATIONAL STATE EVOLUTION ANDINTERNATIONAL TRADE POLICY -- 2.1. Resources Needed to Ensure the State's Survival and Connections to International Trade -- 2.2. Conflict Dynamics in International Relations and the Predominant Forms of Military Organization -- 2.3. Goals and Means of Trade Policy and their Role in the Evolution of Modern States -- 2.4. Types of Trade Policy and their Connection to Tilly's Thesis about the Evolution of the State: Types of State and Organization of Military Power -- 3. DISRUPTION OF TRADE FLOWS DUE TO MILITARY CONFLICTS IN MODERN TIMES: A SIGNIFICANT CAUSE FOR REDISTRIBUTION OF ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL POWER -- 3.1. Changes Resulting from the Interruption of Trade and the Potential Impact on the Distribution of Power.

This publication represents an account of the evolution of Europe's role in international economic and political relations. We have employed a historical approach throughout the book so that we could reflect on various challenging issues. Among the most important is the rise in Europe's influence during the late Middle Ages and the early Industrial Era, the dramatic weakening of Europe in the first half of the 20th century, and its recent search for a new role in the globalized world. To make an informed contribution, we discuss a vast array of works of many prominent authors. Combining the most recent findings, this publication analyses a fascinating story of the rise and decline of Europe's important political units. To give a more comprehensive perspective on the key events and factors, a similar account of Europe's most important rivals and partners is also added. We hold that only honest and dedicated attempt at combining an institutional analysis with historically specific revelations of actors' motivations based on available historical data can enable us to understand not only the historical origins of recent developments, but also the motivations, interests, and ambitions of the most important actors, both in Europe and in the world. We strive to balance our emphasis on institutional and technological innovations with paying sufficient attention to the unique historical circumstances as well as to political power, conflicts, and war

Czechoslovakia was the first industrialized economy to substantially increase tariffs after the First World War. At that time, Czechoslovakia was highly export-oriented, with a large trade surplus in industrial goods. We argue that the introduction of tariffs was a consequence of the ethnically heterogeneous structure of the economy. German capital controlled the highly export-oriented light and consumer goods industries; Czech capital dominated in industries that were far less export-oriented or even import-competing, such as machinery, transportation equipment, and electrical goods. Trade and exchange-rate policy preferences of both groups clearly differed; however, the policy decision-making process (at least until 1926) was completely controlled by Czechoslovaks and Czech capital, explicitly committed to a nationalist takeover of Czechoslovakia's economy. This is why it was possible to implement an exchange rate and trade policy that ran contrary to theoretical expectations based on the general (national aggregate) indicators of the national economy.

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