Suchergebnisse

The article presents the view of German politicians and journalists on the political processes taking place in Italy, mainly concerning electoral rivalry after 2016. Opinions are analyzed on the causes of instability in the Italian political system, which led to early election in 2022, instead of holding it in 2023. After the government crisis, Italy opts for reforms that will reduce the effects of the energy crisis and tensions caused by the migration crisis and the war in Ukraine. Political rivalry in Italy takes place between the political parties that form an extreme right-wing or left-wing coalition. The main opponent of Enrico Letta, Giorgia Meloni from the Brothers of Italy party, calls for the strengthening of the position of the Italian nation and the position of Italy in the European Union.

Recenzja

European Union's International Role in Statements of Javier Solana, Catherine Ashton and Frederica Mogherini during the Munich Security Conferences in the Years 2009 until 2019 The aim of the article is an analysis of statements of the European union's foreign affairs and security policy high representatives during the Munich Security Conference in years 2009 until 2019. The diplomats' activities resulted from their roles as high representatives, which are programming, initiating action and representing the European Union outside. The Munich Security Conferences were a platform to present activities and stand points concerning contemporary challenges in the field of international security. The conferences contributed to the extension of contacts of the EU from Javier Solana's, Catherine Ashton's and Federica Mogherini's points of view.

The aim of the article is to present the place and status of the African continent on the agenda of the Munich Security Conference (MSC) and the thesis states, that Africa's security problems after 2015 became a priority during the MSC. The conference, organized by Wolfgang Ischinger, enabled politicians from Africa and other continents to meet and exchange experiences. Analyzed sources included speeches of politicians and websites of institutions such as the African Union or the Tana Forum. In articulating the conclusions following theories were taken into consideration: the theory of integration, regional security complex theory, empowerment theory and feminist theory in international relations. ; Celem artykułu było wskazanie roli i miejsca Czarnego Kontynentu podczas Monachijskiej Konferencji Bezpieczeństwa (Munich Scecurity Conference, MSC), a tezą stwierdzenie, że problemy bezpieczeństwa Afryki po 2015 r. stały się ważne w agendzie MSC. Organizowana przez Wolfganga Ischingera konferencja umożliwiła kontaktowanie się i wymienianie doświadczeń politykom z Afryki i innych kontynentów. Wśród analizowanych źródeł uwzględnione zostały przemówienia polityków i strony internetowe instytucji, m.in. Unii Afrykańskiej i Forum Tana. Aby sformułować wnioski i oceny uwzględniono wiedzę o teorii: integracji, regionalnych konfliktów bezpieczeństwa, upodmiotowienia i feministycznej teorii stosunków międzynarodowych.

W artykule analizowano zmiany polityki Niemiec wobec Afryki w obszarze bezpieczeństwa, które cechuje odchodzenie od kultury wstrzemięźliwości w kierunku polityki odpowiedzialności, postulowanej m.in. przez prezydenta Joachima Gaucka oraz minister ds. obrony Ursulę von der Leyen. Niemiecka polityka bezpieczeństwa wobec Afryki opiera się na zasadzie multilateralizmu i wynika ze zobowiązań sojuszniczych, mimo że niemieckie społeczeństwo sceptycznie ocenia skuteczność wysyłania żołnierzy do Afryki.

Abstract
The fact that about 4000 immigrants are placed in Cottbus, situated 192 km from Poznań and 83 km from Zielona Góra, makes us feel it is necessary to analyze modus operandi of the entities legitimizing or delegitimizing the Open Door policy of the Chancellor Angela Merkel. To explain their position, political actors refer to the diverse narratives that Rolf Peter Sieferle classified as: the refugee narrative; a narrative recalling the demographic problem; a narrative referring to problems in the labor market and a lack of qualified employees; a narrative referring to the essence of multiculturalism. Difficulties in absorbing immigrants caused a discussion about fatigue both in political parties and in the media, but they showed the potential of social initiatives and movements, for example the organization "Future of the Fatherland", led by Hans-Christoph Berndt. His views combined with the statements of Dietmar Woidke, the Prime Minister of Brandenburg, or Jörg Steinbach, the President of the Brandenburg University of Technology, reflect the diversity of the assessment of migration policy in a micro-scale.

Celem artykułu jest analiza przyczyn porażki Wolnej Partii Demokratycznej (FDP) w wyborach parlamentarnych w 2013 roku oraz zwrócenie uwagi na skutki obecności FDP poza Bundestagiem. Wśród głównych źródeł klęski partii wymieniono: kryzys przywództwa (krytyka za brak charyzmy, skandale polityczne); zjednoczenie Niemiec (wyczerpanie formuły w polityce międzynarodowej i społeczne następstwa zjednoczenia, w tym krytykę partii politycznych); globalizację i towarzyszące jej zmiany na rynku pracy i w strukturze rodziny; nieskuteczność kampanii wyborczych oraz słabość współpracy w koalicji. Do głównych następstw klęski FDP zaliczono: kurczenie się liczby członków; porażki w wyborach federalnych, krajowych i do Parlamentu Europejskiego; wzrost znaczenia innych ugrupowań politycznych; kryzys koncepcji liberalizmu; problem z finansowaniem działalności; utratę aren, na których FDP artykułowała poglądy i sprawowała władzę.

Born in 1936, Klaus Kinkel is a representative of Germany's Free Democratic Party (FDP). Among the leaders of that party, Walter Scheel and Hans-Dietrich Genscher may have won greater popularity, but even so, Kinkel also exerted an influence on the liberals' policy line, primarily by means of the Wiesbaden Declaration. Working closely with Genscher, Kinkel amassed the experience of which he would avail himself in leading the FDP, in holding office as the Federal Minister of Justice and, subsequently, in heading the Federal Foreign Office. With his education as a lawyer, Kinkel demonstrated an adroitness and professionalism in carrying out his duties. He gained no renown for charisma and leadership skills, but neither did he ever become implicated in any scandals.The article presents Kinkel's path into politics. As a politician, it was not until 1991 that he decided to become a member of the FDP, despite having worked with Genscher since 1968. Because he was the Federal Minister of Justice during the unification of the two Germanys, he was responsible for the restoration of the rule of law in the Eastern part of the new state. Then, on assuming Genscher's former duties at the Federal Foreign Office, he pointed to the new role to be played by diplomacy following the collapse of the Cold War.