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Straipsnyje nagrinėjami tam tikri epilepsija sergančių suaugusių asmenų (ESA) ekonominės padėties ir gyvenimo sąlygų aspektai. Tyrimo rezultatai rodo prastą ESA ekonominę padėtį: didelę sergančiųjų asmeninių pajamų diferenciaciją, menkas daugumos ESA asmenines pajamas, kurios sudaro reikšmingą dalį ESA namų ūkio pajamų. Ketvirtadalis tiriamųjų namų ūkių nurodė negalintys nusipirkti naujų drabužių, kas antras negalėjo pakeisti nusidėvėjusių baldų naujais, dešimtadalis negalėjo gerai maitintis. ESA pasižymi pareigingu mėnesinių komunalinių sąskaitų, būsto nuomos ir/ar paskolų kredito įmokų apmokėjimu, tačiau daugiau nei ketvirtadalis namų ūkių neturi reikiamų išteklių, kad galėtų sukaupti pinigų ateičiai, nenumatytiems atvejams, pensijai ar pan., 30 proc. epilepsija sergančiųjų iš turimų santaupų galėtų išgyventi daugiausia mėnesį.

The article analyses political, cultural and social participation of adults with epilepsy. Research goal: to assess peculiarities of participation and its factors among adults with epilepsy. This article is based on the findings of the survey of 220 adults with epilepsy aged 18–85 years old. Secondary data analysis of departmental (state) statistics is also applied in the article, which enables to compare the participation trends of the people with epilepsy to Lithuanian population participation in political, social and cultural activities. The research results reveal that every fourth respondent tends to be politically inactive and only every tenth respondent tends to be very politically active. More than 80 percent of adults with epilepsy do not participate in social activities (the extent to which people with epilepsy participate in formal and informal organizations is an indicator of social participation in our study). The survey demonstrates low participation rates in cultural activities, especially in those requiring financial expenditures, e.g. ballet, concert, cinema or theatre. The research results disclose low participation rates in social and cultural activities of adults with epilepsy though political participation rate is higher. Personal choice or lack of interest is a major cause of their inactivity in political, social and cultural activities. Almost every second of the political inactive adult with epilepsy is apolitical. Most of people with epilepsy who are not involved in activities of nonprofit organizations do not want to belong to any organization. The data analysis makes it possible to conclude that the disease factors (characteristics of epilepsy) do not affect political, social or cultural participation strongly. Only comorbid medical conditions impact significantly on lower social participation of people with epilepsy. The results of the research show that the impact of personal factors such as age and education on the political, social and cultural participation among people with epilepsy is strong. Stigma of epilepsy and emotional state of people with epilepsy also appear to be significant factors restricting successful participation in political, social and cultural activities too.

The article analyses political, cultural and social participation of adults with epilepsy. Research goal: to assess peculiarities of participation and its factors among adults with epilepsy. This article is based on the findings of the survey of 220 adults with epilepsy aged 18–85 years old. Secondary data analysis of departmental (state) statistics is also applied in the article, which enables to compare the participation trends of the people with epilepsy to Lithuanian population participation in political, social and cultural activities. The research results reveal that every fourth respondent tends to be politically inactive and only every tenth respondent tends to be very politically active. More than 80 percent of adults with epilepsy do not participate in social activities (the extent to which people with epilepsy participate in formal and informal organizations is an indicator of social participation in our study). The survey demonstrates low participation rates in cultural activities, especially in those requiring financial expenditures, e.g. ballet, concert, cinema or theatre. The research results disclose low participation rates in social and cultural activities of adults with epilepsy though political participation rate is higher. Personal choice or lack of interest is a major cause of their inactivity in political, social and cultural activities. Almost every second of the political inactive adult with epilepsy is apolitical. Most of people with epilepsy who are not involved in activities of nonprofit organizations do not want to belong to any organization. The data analysis makes it possible to conclude that the disease factors (characteristics of epilepsy) do not affect political, social or cultural participation strongly. Only comorbid medical conditions impact significantly on lower social participation of people with epilepsy. The results of the research show that the impact of personal factors such as age and education on the political, social and cultural participation among people with epilepsy is strong. Stigma of epilepsy and emotional state of people with epilepsy also appear to be significant factors restricting successful participation in political, social and cultural activities too.

The article analyses political, cultural and social participation of adults with epilepsy. Research goal: to assess peculiarities of participation and its factors among adults with epilepsy. This article is based on the findings of the survey of 220 adults with epilepsy aged 18–85 years old. Secondary data analysis of departmental (state) statistics is also applied in the article, which enables to compare the participation trends of the people with epilepsy to Lithuanian population participation in political, social and cultural activities. The research results reveal that every fourth respondent tends to be politically inactive and only every tenth respondent tends to be very politically active. More than 80 percent of adults with epilepsy do not participate in social activities (the extent to which people with epilepsy participate in formal and informal organizations is an indicator of social participation in our study). The survey demonstrates low participation rates in cultural activities, especially in those requiring financial expenditures, e.g. ballet, concert, cinema or theatre. The research results disclose low participation rates in social and cultural activities of adults with epilepsy though political participation rate is higher. Personal choice or lack of interest is a major cause of their inactivity in political, social and cultural activities. Almost every second of the political inactive adult with epilepsy is apolitical. Most of people with epilepsy who are not involved in activities of nonprofit organizations do not want to belong to any organization. The data analysis makes it possible to conclude that the disease factors (characteristics of epilepsy) do not affect political, social or cultural participation strongly. Only comorbid medical conditions impact significantly on lower social participation of people with epilepsy. The results of the research show that the impact of personal factors such as age and education on the political, social and cultural participation among people with epilepsy is strong. Stigma of epilepsy and emotional state of people with epilepsy also appear to be significant factors restricting successful participation in political, social and cultural activities too.

The article analyses political, cultural and social participation of adults with epilepsy. Research goal: to assess peculiarities of participation and its factors among adults with epilepsy. This article is based on the findings of the survey of 220 adults with epilepsy aged 18–85 years old. Secondary data analysis of departmental (state) statistics is also applied in the article, which enables to compare the participation trends of the people with epilepsy to Lithuanian population participation in political, social and cultural activities. The research results reveal that every fourth respondent tends to be politically inactive and only every tenth respondent tends to be very politically active. More than 80 percent of adults with epilepsy do not participate in social activities (the extent to which people with epilepsy participate in formal and informal organizations is an indicator of social participation in our study). The survey demonstrates low participation rates in cultural activities, especially in those requiring financial expenditures, e.g. ballet, concert, cinema or theatre. The research results disclose low participation rates in social and cultural activities of adults with epilepsy though political participation rate is higher. Personal choice or lack of interest is a major cause of their inactivity in political, social and cultural activities. Almost every second of the political inactive adult with epilepsy is apolitical. Most of people with epilepsy who are not involved in activities of nonprofit organizations do not want to belong to any organization. The data analysis makes it possible to conclude that the disease factors (characteristics of epilepsy) do not affect political, social or cultural participation strongly. Only comorbid medical conditions impact significantly on lower social participation of people with epilepsy. The results of the research show that the impact of personal factors such as age and education on the political, social and cultural participation among people with epilepsy is strong. Stigma of epilepsy and emotional state of people with epilepsy also appear to be significant factors restricting successful participation in political, social and cultural activities too.

Due to the lack of complex research on people with epilepsy and emphasis on physical (body) functioning, the QOL in people with epilepsy is perceived unambiguously and poor knowledge of their QOL factors is noticed. Based on Amartya Sen's capability approach, the dissertation carry out a complex research on the QOL in people with epilepsy and its factors. The research in the dissertation reveal that people with epilepsy worst function in the social, cultural, political participation, health, employment, mobility, social relations, self-esteem and independence domains. The research revealed the disagreement of functioning and capabilities of people with epilepsy, especially of mobility, participation and employment domains. Major part of the people do not operate due to the fear of seizures and lack of willingness. The results of the research show that personal conversion factors have a great influence on QOL in people with epilepsy, especially their age, education and factors of the disease. When the disease symptoms are more obvious, the QOL in people with epilepsy is more influenced by the disease factors. When the disease symptoms are milder – the greater become personal conversion factors. The impact of stigma for QOL in people with epilepsy remains even if the epileptic symptoms are not so visible. The assessment of the domain of agency used in the research revealed that people with epilepsy lack their personal perception they do not perceive themselves as the main agents in their lives.

Due to the lack of complex research on people with epilepsy and emphasis on physical (body) functioning, the QOL in people with epilepsy is perceived unambiguously and poor knowledge of their QOL factors is noticed. Based on Amartya Sen's capability approach, the dissertation carry out a complex research on the QOL in people with epilepsy and its factors. The research in the dissertation reveal that people with epilepsy worst function in the social, cultural, political participation, health, employment, mobility, social relations, self-esteem and independence domains. The research revealed the disagreement of functioning and capabilities of people with epilepsy, especially of mobility, participation and employment domains. Major part of the people do not operate due to the fear of seizures and lack of willingness. The results of the research show that personal conversion factors have a great influence on QOL in people with epilepsy, especially their age, education and factors of the disease. When the disease symptoms are more obvious, the QOL in people with epilepsy is more influenced by the disease factors. When the disease symptoms are milder – the greater become personal conversion factors. The impact of stigma for QOL in people with epilepsy remains even if the epileptic symptoms are not so visible. The assessment of the domain of agency used in the research revealed that people with epilepsy lack their personal perception they do not perceive themselves as the main agents in their lives.

Due to the lack of complex research on people with epilepsy and emphasis on physical (body) functioning, the QOL in people with epilepsy is perceived unambiguously and poor knowledge of their QOL factors is noticed. Based on Amartya Sen's capability approach, the dissertation carry out a complex research on the QOL in people with epilepsy and its factors. The research in the dissertation reveal that people with epilepsy worst function in the social, cultural, political participation, health, employment, mobility, social relations, self-esteem and independence domains. The research revealed the disagreement of functioning and capabilities of people with epilepsy, especially of mobility, participation and employment domains. Major part of the people do not operate due to the fear of seizures and lack of willingness. The results of the research show that personal conversion factors have a great influence on QOL in people with epilepsy, especially their age, education and factors of the disease. When the disease symptoms are more obvious, the QOL in people with epilepsy is more influenced by the disease factors. When the disease symptoms are milder – the greater become personal conversion factors. The impact of stigma for QOL in people with epilepsy remains even if the epileptic symptoms are not so visible. The assessment of the domain of agency used in the research revealed that people with epilepsy lack their personal perception they do not perceive themselves as the main agents in their lives.

Due to the lack of complex research on people with epilepsy and emphasis on physical (body) functioning, the QOL in people with epilepsy is perceived unambiguously and poor knowledge of their QOL factors is noticed. Based on Amartya Sen's capability approach, the dissertation carry out a complex research on the QOL in people with epilepsy and its factors. The research in the dissertation reveal that people with epilepsy worst function in the social, cultural, political participation, health, employment, mobility, social relations, self-esteem and independence domains. The research revealed the disagreement of functioning and capabilities of people with epilepsy, especially of mobility, participation and employment domains. Major part of the people do not operate due to the fear of seizures and lack of willingness. The results of the research show that personal conversion factors have a great influence on QOL in people with epilepsy, especially their age, education and factors of the disease. When the disease symptoms are more obvious, the QOL in people with epilepsy is more influenced by the disease factors. When the disease symptoms are milder – the greater become personal conversion factors. The impact of stigma for QOL in people with epilepsy remains even if the epileptic symptoms are not so visible. The assessment of the domain of agency used in the research revealed that people with epilepsy lack their personal perception they do not perceive themselves as the main agents in their lives.

Due to the lack of complex research on people with epilepsy and emphasis on physical (body) functioning, the QOL in people with epilepsy is perceived unambiguously and poor knowledge of their QOL factors is noticed. Based on Amartya Sen's capability approach, the dissertation carry out a complex research on the QOL in people with epilepsy and its factors. The research in the dissertation reveal that people with epilepsy worst function in the social, cultural, political participation, health, employment, mobility, social relations, self-esteem and independence domains. The research revealed the disagreement of functioning and capabilities of people with epilepsy, especially of mobility, participation and employment domains. Major part of the people do not operate due to the fear of seizures and lack of willingness. The results of the research show that personal conversion factors have a great influence on QOL in people with epilepsy, especially their age, education and factors of the disease. When the disease symptoms are more obvious, the QOL in people with epilepsy is more influenced by the disease factors. When the disease symptoms are milder – the greater become personal conversion factors. The impact of stigma for QOL in people with epilepsy remains even if the epileptic symptoms are not so visible. The assessment of the domain of agency used in the research revealed that people with epilepsy lack their personal perception they do not perceive themselves as the main agents in their lives.

Due to the lack of complex research on people with epilepsy and emphasis on physical (body) functioning, the QOL in people with epilepsy is perceived unambiguously and poor knowledge of their QOL factors is noticed. Based on Amartya Sen's capability approach, the dissertation carry out a complex research on the QOL in people with epilepsy and its factors. The research in the dissertation reveal that people with epilepsy worst function in the social, cultural, political participation, health, employment, mobility, social relations, self-esteem and independence domains. The research revealed the disagreement of functioning and capabilities of people with epilepsy, especially of mobility, participation and employment domains. Major part of the people do not operate due to the fear of seizures and lack of willingness. The results of the research show that personal conversion factors have a great influence on QOL in people with epilepsy, especially their age, education and factors of the disease. When the disease symptoms are more obvious, the QOL in people with epilepsy is more influenced by the disease factors. When the disease symptoms are milder – the greater become personal conversion factors. The impact of stigma for QOL in people with epilepsy remains even if the epileptic symptoms are not so visible. The assessment of the domain of agency used in the research revealed that people with epilepsy lack their personal perception they do not perceive themselves as the main agents in their lives.

Due to the lack of complex research on people with epilepsy and emphasis on physical (body) functioning, the QOL in people with epilepsy is perceived unambiguously and poor knowledge of their QOL factors is noticed. Based on Amartya Sen's capability approach, the dissertation carry out a complex research on the QOL in people with epilepsy and its factors. The research in the dissertation reveal that people with epilepsy worst function in the social, cultural, political participation, health, employment, mobility, social relations, self-esteem and independence domains. The research revealed the disagreement of functioning and capabilities of people with epilepsy, especially of mobility, participation and employment domains. Major part of the people do not operate due to the fear of seizures and lack of willingness. The results of the research show that personal conversion factors have a great influence on QOL in people with epilepsy, especially their age, education and factors of the disease. When the disease symptoms are more obvious, the QOL in people with epilepsy is more influenced by the disease factors. When the disease symptoms are milder – the greater become personal conversion factors. The impact of stigma for QOL in people with epilepsy remains even if the epileptic symptoms are not so visible. The assessment of the domain of agency used in the research revealed that people with epilepsy lack their personal perception they do not perceive themselves as the main agents in their lives.

Due to the lack of complex research on people with epilepsy and emphasis on physical (body) functioning, the QOL in people with epilepsy is perceived unambiguously and poor knowledge of their QOL factors is noticed. Based on Amartya Sen's capability approach, the dissertation carry out a complex research on the QOL in people with epilepsy and its factors. The research in the dissertation reveal that people with epilepsy worst function in the social, cultural, political participation, health, employment, mobility, social relations, self-esteem and independence domains. The research revealed the disagreement of functioning and capabilities of people with epilepsy, especially of mobility, participation and employment domains. Major part of the people do not operate due to the fear of seizures and lack of willingness. The results of the research show that personal conversion factors have a great influence on QOL in people with epilepsy, especially their age, education and factors of the disease. When the disease symptoms are more obvious, the QOL in people with epilepsy is more influenced by the disease factors. When the disease symptoms are milder – the greater become personal conversion factors. The impact of stigma for QOL in people with epilepsy remains even if the epileptic symptoms are not so visible. The assessment of the domain of agency used in the research revealed that people with epilepsy lack their personal perception they do not perceive themselves as the main agents in their lives.

Available studies indicate a strong negative correlation between poverty and social expenditures in EU countries. It means that the country's at-risk-of-poverty rate tends to erode with increasing social expenditure. However, the studies have demonstrated that the impact of government spending on poverty may vary according to the sector of spending, how well it is targeted, and the way in which it is financed. Some countries manage to achieve a rather significant poverty rate reduction even with relatively low, in the context of other Member States, social expenditure (percentage of GDP). This suggests that in order to reduce poverty rates, it is important to consider not only the amount allocated to social spending, but also the areas the social transfers are channelled to. The article aims to analyse how the composition and the extent of social spending/transfers may affect poverty reduction in EU countries. The analysis showed that social protection transfers reduce the percentage of people at-risk-of-poverty in all countries, however, to a very different extent. Regression analysis demonstrated that social exclusion and family/children expenditure was found to be the most important predictor for a relative antipoverty effect of social transfers: even a small percentage increase in such expenditure allows quite a significant increase in the relative antipoverty effect of social transfers.

Available studies indicate a strong negative correlation between poverty and social expenditures in EU countries. It means that the country's at-risk-of-poverty rate tends to erode with increasing social expenditure. However, the studies have demonstrated that the impact of government spending on poverty may vary according to the sector of spending, how well it is targeted, and the way in which it is financed. Some countries manage to achieve a rather significant poverty rate reduction even with relatively low, in the context of other Member States, social expenditure (percentage of GDP). This suggests that in order to reduce poverty rates, it is important to consider not only the amount allocated to social spending, but also the areas the social transfers are channelled to. The article aims to analyse how the composition and the extent of social spending/transfers may affect poverty reduction in EU countries. The analysis showed that social protection transfers reduce the percentage of people at-risk-of-poverty in all countries, however, to a very different extent. Regression analysis demonstrated that social exclusion and family/children expenditure was found to be the most important predictor for a relative antipoverty effect of social transfers: even a small percentage increase in such expenditure allows quite a significant increase in the relative antipoverty effect of social transfers.